Effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

AIM:To observe the effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) of hippocampal CA1 area in the rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), and to investigate the underlying molecule mechanism of cognitive defects induced by ischemia. METHODS:Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats(n=48) were randomly divided into sham operation (sham) group,CCH model (CCH) group, capsaicin group,and solvent group, 12 rats in each group. Capsaicin at 2.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected twice a week for 4 weeks, starting on the 7th day after surgery. The rats in solvent group were given the same amount of solvent at the same time and under the same conditions. Morris water maze, object recognition test and open field test were conducted to analyze the cognitive related behavior performance on the 4th week after surgery. The changes of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed under transmission electron microscope, the co-localization of the MAMs was observed by immunofluorescence double-labeling, and the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in the hippocampal tissue was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Four weeks after the operation, the behavior tests showed that the cognitive function of CCH rats was impaired compared with sham operation group. Compared with solvent group, spatial learning and memory in capsaicin group was improved significantly. The results of transmission electron microscope and confocal microscope showed that the distance of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 area of CCH rats was increased compared with sham operation group, and the co-localization of the contacts was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the correlation between the mitochondria and ER in capsaicin group was increased (P<0.05). The protein level of Mfn2 in CCH group was significantly lower than that in sham group (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the protein level of Mfn2 in capsaicin group was higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:CCH rats showed decreased cognitive function and loosen MAMs. Capsaicin improves the cognitive behavior of CCH rats by up-regulation of MAMs.     

茉莉酸甲酯诱导辣椒抗青枯病与活性氧代谢的关系

为探究茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl Jasmonate,Me JA)诱导辣椒抗青枯病效应与活性氧代谢相关酶的关系,以辣椒易感青枯病品种‘粤红1号’和抗青枯病品种‘辛香8号’幼苗为试验材料,在0.1mmol·L-1 Me JA喷雾处理后12、24、48、72和96 h接种青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum),对其进行青枯病病情指数与活性氧代谢相关酶——超氧化酶歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Ascorbate Peroxidase,APX)活性以及丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量测定及相互关系的分析。结果表明:‘粤红1号’和‘辛香8号’的病情指数随喷Me JA处理时间的推移表现为先降后升,但都低于对照;而诱导效果则相反,Me JA处理对两个辣椒品种幼苗抗性的最适诱导时间均为接种前48 h。接种后0~96 h,Me JA喷雾处理的辣椒幼苗叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX酶活性均显示先升后降的趋势,且明显高于对照,接种后24~48 h达到最高,而MDA含量则明显低于对照。因此,Me JA可诱导辣椒幼苗抗青枯病,其实现途径可能与提高活性氧代谢相关酶活性和缓解膜脂过氧化有关。     

Protective effect of curcumin analogue L6H4 on diaphragm of type 2 diabetic rats

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of curcumin analogue L6H4 on diaphragm of type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS: SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC) group, high fat (HF) group, high fat+L6H4 treatment (FT) group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group and DM+L6H4 treatment (DT) group. The rats in the later 4 groups were fed with high-fat diet. After 4 weeks of high-fat diet fee-ding, the rats in DM and DT groups were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes melliutus. The rats in FT and DT groups were given L6H4 by gavage for 8 weeks. Blood glucose and blood lipid levels were detected biochemically. Fasting serum insulin (FINS) level was measured by radioimmunoassay and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Serum adiponectin (APN) level was measured by ELISA. The morphological changes of the diaphragm were observed under light and transmission electron microscopes. Lipid deposition and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and NADH-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) were observed by enzyme histochemical staining. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the diaphragm were measured by thiobarbituric acid method and hydroxylamine method, respectively. The protein expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in the diaphragm was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS: The levels of blood lipids, blood glucose, FINS and HOMA-IR in HF and DM groups were higher than those in NC group, but decreased after L6H4 treatment. The serum APN level in HF and DM groups was lower than that in NC group, but increased after treatment with L6H4. The muscle fibers of the diaphragm were shrunk, fat particles accumulated in the muscle fibers, and the mitochondria were slightly swollen in HF and DM groups. The diaphragmatic fibrosis was obvious in DM group. These lesions were relieved after L6H4 treatment. Compared with NC group, the level of MDA and the activity of SDH and NADH-TR in the diaphragm were increased in HF and DM groups, but decreased after treatment with L6H4. The activity of SOD and the expression of AdipoR1 in the diaphragm were lower than those in NC group, but increased after L6H4 treatment.CONCLUSION: The curcumin analogue L6H4 exerts a protective effect on diaphragm in type 2 diabetic rats. The strengthened protein expression of AdipoR1, the increased serum level of APN, and anti-lipid peroxidation may be involved in the process.     

鲜切生菜贮藏期间产品品质变化及褐变发生规律

为了研究鲜切生菜贮藏期间品质变化和褐变发生的规律及其内在机理,以新鲜圆生菜为试材,经切分处理,置于4℃下贮藏,观测贮藏期间鲜切生菜外观品质、主要营养成分以及与褐变相关的褐变度,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化规律。结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,经过切分处理的鲜切生菜的含水量逐步降低,失重率增大,后期腐烂明显;主要营养成分叶绿素、还原型维生素C(VC)、可溶性蛋白质含量均出现不同程度的下降;褐变度呈现上升趋势,组织中的PAL活性和总酚含量先升高后逐步下降;PPO活性在整个贮藏时期内呈现出下降趋势,POD活性在贮藏的后期迅速升高。综合分析认为,切分损伤能够诱使PAL活性提高,并促进酶促褐变底物酚类物质的大量积累,通过PPO和POD协同作用,加剧褐变发生;鲜切生菜随贮藏时间延长,其综合品质下降,建议最佳食用期0~3d,货架期0~8d。     

四季秋海棠无土栽培优良基质的筛选

为探究秋海棠的优良栽培基质及草坪草的修剪废弃物替代泥炭作为基质的可能性,以栽培广泛的四季秋海棠幼苗为试材,在上海辰山植物园的栽培大棚中进行盆栽试验。分别选用T1(泥炭∶珍珠岩=1∶1)、T2(泥炭∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T3(玉米秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T4(玉米秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)、T5(草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T6(草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)、T7(蛭石∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)和T8(蛭石∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)8种混合基质,比较四季秋海棠的生长表现差异。结果表明:四季秋海棠在8种栽培基质中,上盆后30~60d时茎均显著增大,60~90d时株高、叶数和叶面积增加最多。最佳综合表现为T6处理,在该基质中,分枝数、叶片厚度、开花数、地上部分鲜干质量和相对叶绿素含量均最大。综合评价分析,基质用草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1替换泥炭,可满足四季秋海棠生长,因此,修剪后的草坪草废弃物可替换泥炭用于秋海棠的无土栽培基质。     

缩二脲对水稻出苗率及秧苗白化的影响

以中浙优1号和甬优1540为材料,采用栽培池培养试验,研究缩二脲对水稻出苗率及叶片白化特性的影响。结果表明,缩二脲含量在0~2.0%时对水稻的出苗率和秧苗生长量影响较小;缩二脲含量高于4.0%时显著降低了出苗率,显著抑制秧苗的生长,中浙优1号和甬优1540干物质量分别降低24%和17%;水稻叶片对缩二脲比较敏感,缩二脲造成叶片发白的叶位主要在第2叶,第3叶叶片发白比例较低,但是当缩二脲含量达到4.0%时,第3叶叶片发白比例也开始上升;当缩二脲含量过量时,显著降低叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a/叶绿素b比值。化肥中的缩二脲是引起直播稻出现白化苗的重要原因,在直播稻和水稻育秧中,应选用缩二脲含量较低的肥料。     

花前氮亏缺对水稻叶片氮代谢酶活性的影响

以籼型杂交稻中浙优1号和籼粳型杂交稻甬优12为材料,试验分析了花前不同时期氮亏缺处理对水稻叶片氮代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明,花前氮亏缺导致植株上3叶氮浓度、NR、GS、GOGAT、GOT和GPT酶活性大幅下降,GDH活性显著增长,且各叶位对花前氮亏缺敏感度总体上表现为剑叶倒2叶倒3叶;破口期亏氮对籼型杂交稻中浙优1号上3叶氮同化酶活性的影响远小于减数分裂期处理,与之相比,籼粳杂交稻甬优12对破口期亏氮胁迫仍较敏感,表明中浙优1号植株氮代谢酶的亏氮敏感性由减数分裂期至破口期逐步下降,对土壤速效氮的需求同步降低,甬优12则对土壤供氮存在更高需求。     

茶树紫芽花青素研究进展

花青素作为一种天然色素与抗氧化剂,在食品、医疗、保健等领域有着广阔的开发利用前景。茶树紫芽作为一种高花青素含量的特异性茶树资源,其创新利用研究逐渐深入,特色紫芽茶树品种的选育和高花青素茶叶产品的开发利用越来越受人们的关注。本文综述了茶树紫芽花青素的结构性质、代谢途径、提取工艺和功能作用等,以期为茶叶紫芽花青素的开发利用提供参考。     

播种期对新疆啤酒大麦农艺性状与蛋白质含量的影响

为确定新疆啤酒大麦优质高产栽培的适宜播种期,选用甘啤4号、垦啤7号、新啤4号、新啤8号作为试验材料,设置4月9日、14日、19日、24日、29日5个播种期,研究不同播种期对4个品种啤酒大麦产量与蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明:甘啤4号、垦啤7号、新啤4号、新啤8号这4个品种在4月份播种均能正常成熟,播种早的生育期长,播种晚的生育期短。从生育期天数来看,新啤4号新脾8号甘啤4号垦啤7号,随着播种期的推迟产量逐渐降低,蛋白质含量逐渐升高。建议甘啤4号和垦啤7号等中晚熟品种适期进行早播。     

视觉传达设计中的人性化设计及其在家具设计中的应用

当年轻族群成为终端消费市场上的主流之后,为有效满足这些年轻人个性化的需求,在家具生产与设计的过程中,越来越多的人性化、个性化设计方案被投入实际应用中,这不仅有效增强了这些家具的实用性,同时也扩充了其适用性。概述了视觉传达设计中的人性化设计,阐释了家具人性化设计具体内涵,详细分析了家具人性化设计基本特征,进而对家具人性化设计发展趋势进行研判,以期为人性化设计理念在家具设计中广泛应用提供参考。