基于LMDI的长江经济带农业用水驱动因素分析

水资源优化配置成为长江经济带农业农村绿色发展的核心议题,厘清农业用水量变化的内在驱动因素及影响效应是关键。基于2002—2017年长江经济带11个省(市)的面板数据,利用对数平均迪氏指数法(LMDI)将农业用水影响因素分为技术水平、产业结构、生产水平和人口规模,进而分析不同因素对农业用水变化的效应。结果表明,从总体来看,产出效应和人口效应促进农业用水增长,其中产出效应占主导地位;技术效应和结构效应对农业用水量起抑制作用。从区域来看,上海市、安徽省、江西省、湖北省、重庆市、四川省和贵州省总体对农业用水起促进作用,江苏省、浙江省、湖南省和云南省总体对农业用水起抑制作用。     

基于 RAD-seq 的菜心 InDel 标记开发及应用

【目的】开发多态性丰富的的InDel分子标记,为菜心育种提供研究基础。【方法】以Chiifu-401-42的基因组序列为模板,利用4份菜心材料的RAD-seq重测序数据,在全基因组范围内鉴定InDel位点。利用生物信息学方法筛选4份菜心材料间具有潜在多态性的InDel位点,挑选分布于10条染色体的80个InDel位点设计引物,对55份菜心种质材料进行遗传多样评价。【结果】通过与参考基因组序列比对,在4份菜心材料的重测序数据中共鉴定出84 510个InDel位点,其中插入/缺失长度大于5 bp的3 609个InDel位点在4份菜心材料间具有潜在多态性。挑选80个InDel位点进行PCR扩增验证,58个（72.5%）在4份测序样品中具有多态性,在55份菜心种质材料中检测到133个等位位点,多态性信息含量（PIC）为0.263～0.618,平均值为0.443。基于InDel标记的检测结果可知,55份菜心种质的遗传相似系数在0.366～0.756,平均值为0.570;在遗传相似系数为0.564时55份菜心种质被分为4个类群,但各类群间的耐热性没有明显差异。【结论】本研究开发的InDel标记具有...     

黄连原小檗碱类生物碱快速制备及清除超氧阴离子活性研究

为建立两步法快速制备黄连原小檗碱类生物碱,并研究其体外清除超氧阴离子的活性,通过制备薄层色谱法分离黄连95％乙醇提取物,半制备型高效液相色谱纯化,快速得到6个主要的原小檗碱类生物碱.再以黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶反应体系产生超氧阴离子,WST-1作为超氧阴离子的探针,采用微孔板法评价黄连原小檗碱类生物碱对超氧阴离子的体外清除...     

有机蔬菜生产技术规程

从有机蔬菜的基地基本要求以及有机蔬菜的栽培管理、肥料使用和病虫草害防治技术等方面,阐述了有机蔬菜生产技术规程.     

喷施新型腐植酸对谷子籽粒产量和品质的影响

为探究灌浆初期喷施新型腐植酸对谷子产量和品质的影响,以清水喷施为对照（NC）,设置腐植酸低（0.75 L/hm², 600×,LC）,中 （3.75 L/hm², 120× ,MC）,高（7.50 L/hm², 60× ,HC）3个浓度梯度,在谷子灌浆初期喷施于叶面,测定产量、穗部性状以及籽粒蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、直链淀粉、黄色素、总黄酮、多酚等多个指标,分析谷子产量及营养品质的变化。结果表明：1） 灌浆初期叶面喷施新型腐植酸可以通过增加千粒重来增加产量,各处理的谷子产量增加幅度由高到低为HC>MC>LC>NC,MC和 HC处理分别比NC增产18.5%和19.4%,谷子增产的最适新型腐植酸浓度介于60~120 ×。2） 灌浆期喷施新型腐植酸可改善谷子籽粒品质,显著提高蛋白质、氨基酸、黄色素、多酚含量（P<0.05）。3）通过主成分分析对不同处理的多个品质指标进行综合分析,总得分由高到低为MC>LC>HC>NC,中浓度（3.75 L/hm², 120×,MC）处理对品质提升效果最好。综上,叶面喷施新型腐植酸可以提升谷子产量,改善籽粒品质,中浓度处理综合表现最好。     

国家尺度种植业面源污染负荷估算方法研究

空间尺度上,种植业面源污染负荷估算可用分为田块尺度、流域尺度和区域尺度。国家尺度属于区域尺度范畴,是掌握整个国家种植业源污染负荷概况、检验种植业面源污染防治措施成效、预测面源污染发展趋势的重要尺度。本文综述了国家尺度上种植业面源污染负荷估算的研究方法,主要包括输出系数法、改进输出系数法、多元回归法、贝叶斯递归回归树模型、过程模型模拟法等,并利用以上方法对我国种植业面源污染负荷进行估算。其中氮素径流损失估算结果在0.30～2.40 Tg之间,氮素淋洗损失为0.36～2.03 Tg,磷素径流损失为3.5～6.37 Mg。指出了我国国家尺度种植业面源污染流失量估算方法存在以下主要问题:源头排放未区分背景排放和肥料排放,也未考虑南方一年多熟制排放差异,过程削减未充分考虑沿程消纳。为此,提出我国国家尺度种植业面源污染负荷估算方法应进一步明细各土地利用输出系数、区分背景排放和肥料排放,考虑我国熟制的区域差异、考虑田块到流域出口的沿程削减。     

鰤鱼诺卡氏菌培养条件及培养基的优化

对鰤鱼诺卡氏菌（Nocardia seriolea）ZJ0503的增菌培养基和生长条件进行优化。研究了温度、盐度、初始pH对鰤鱼诺卡氏菌生长的影响,并通过单因素试验对培养基的碳源、氮源和无机盐成分进行了筛选,采用正交实验法对培养基各主要成分的添加量进行了优化。结果表明,鰤鱼诺卡氏菌最适宜生长条件为温度25 ℃、盐度5、pH 6.5±0.2;经筛选,鰤鱼诺卡氏菌培养基中最佳碳源是葡萄糖,最佳氮源是酵母粉,促生长作用最强的2种无机盐是磷酸氢二钾（K2HPO4）和氯化钙（CaCl2）;确立了培养基优化配方为葡萄糖20 g·L-1,酵母粉15 g·L-1,K2HPO4 0.75 g·L-1,CaCl 20.2 g·L-1（单独灭菌）,氯化钠（NaCl2）5 g·L-1,pH 6.5±0.2。     

饲料中添加"健肝散"预防丁(鱼岁)脂肪肝的作用

研究了在饲料中添加"健肝散"预防丁(鱼岁)(Tinca tinca)脂肪肝的作用.采用"健肝散"添加量分别为0 1%、0.2%、0.4%的饲料进行丁(鱼岁)养殖试验,试验周期为40 d,观察"健肝散"对其生长指标、血清主要生理、生化指标的影响.结果表明,当"健肝散"添加量为0.4%时,丁(鱼岁)的增重率、相对生长率和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇最高,肝脏脂肪含量最低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组均无显著差异(P＞0.05);血浆中胆固醇、甘油三酯含量最高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组有显著差异(P＜0.05);谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),其中乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著低于氯化胆碱组(P＜0.05).当"健肝散"添加量为0.2%和0.4%时,肝体比均较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P＞0.05);添加量为0.1%、0.2%和0.4%时,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均较高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P＞0.05).在本研究条件下,丁(鱼岁)饲料中添加0.4%的"健肝散"时,可有效预防其脂肪肝疾病.     

Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae induces IL-8 expression in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner

AIM:To investigate the key molecular mechanism of inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells induced by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). METHODS: A549 cells were co-cultured with NTHi (multiplicity of infection, MOI: 10) and harvested 15 min and 30 min after stimulation. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in A549 cells was detected by Western blotting. The intracellular expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was examined by flow cytometry 4 h after stimulation. A549 cells were preincubated with p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) for 1 h and then stimulated with NTHi for 24 h. The level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the supernatants was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was rapidly induced by NTHi stimulation. The expression of NF-κB p65 in A549 cells after NTHi stimulation was significantly up-regulated compared with control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-8 in the supernatants was increased 24 h after bacterial stimulation compared with control group (P<0.05). Blockage of p38 MAPK or NF-κB remarkably decreased IL-8 secretion in A549 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:NTHi induces inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner.     

Inhibitory effect of T-bet gene transfer on airway inflammation in a established murine allergic asthmatic model

AIM: To investigate the effect of T-bet plasmid gene transfer to airway on allergen induced airway inflammation in a murine asthmatic model. METHODS: A mouse asthma model was established by sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). Forty C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups (10 mice in each group): the normal control group (group A), the asthmatic model group (group B), the pcDNA3 plasmid group (group C), and the pcDNA3-T-bet group (group D). The animals in group B, C and D were sensitized and challenged with OVA. The animals in group A were applied with normal saline. pcDNA3 plasmid at dose of 50 μg was intranasally administered at 24 h before intranasal challenges to the mice in group C, and the 50 μg pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid for the mice in group D. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and lung tissues were resected at 48 h after OVA challenge for later assay. RESULTS: After administration with pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid, high level of T-bet expression at 48 h was detected in the lung tissue by Western blotting. In pcDNA3-T-bet treated asthmatic models, histological evaluation revealed the significant suppression of eosinophil peribronchial and perivascular infiltration, and reduction of epithelial damage. The numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF from pcDNA3-T-bet treated mice were significantly reduced compared to those in asthmatic control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-4 in BALF was significantly decreased in pcDNA3-T-bet group compared to that in asthmatic control group (P<0.05), while the level of IFN-γ in BALF was significantly increased in pcDNA3-T-bet group. No significant change of inflammation cells and cytokines in pcDNA3 plasmid group and asthmatic control group was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Intranasal pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid transfer inhibits asthmatic airway inflammation in the murine asthmatic model, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for allergic asthma.