重大园林植物病害及其研究进展

系统地介绍了国内外重大的园林植物病害:松材线虫病、榆树荷兰病、五针松疱锈病、观赏植物冠瘿病、香石竹尖镰孢枯萎病和菊花叶枯线虫病, 综述了这些病害的国内外研究进展。     

Study of Cr(VI) adsorption onto nitrogen-enriched activated carbon from waste medium density fiberboard

Nitrogen-enriched activated carbons were prepared from waste medium density fiberboard waste by using NaOH, K₂CO₃ and KOH. The content of nitrogen in the activated carbon was 0.92, 0.74 and 1.33 % by analysis. The influence of contact time, pH, Cr(VI) initial concentration and the amount of activated carbon on the Cr(VI) adsorption capacity were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) could reach 89.21 mg/g at pH 2 and a contact time of 9 h. The kinetics adsorption followed nicely the pseudo-second-order rate expression. In adsorption isotherm, the Langmuir model fitted better than the Freundlich model. Pure Poplar activated carbon was also prepared as the adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal as control sample. This study indicated that the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon prepared from waste medium density fiberboard can be used effectively for the removal of Cr(VI) compound from aqueous solutions.     

Protection efficiency assessment and quality of coastal shelterbelt for Dongshan Island at the coastal section scale

The coastal shelter forest in China is under threat of destruction and degradation because of the impact of human activities. Protection efficiency assessment of the coastal shelterbelt is an important component of shelter-forest remediation planning and sustainable management. In this study, a protection efficiency index (PEI) model was established using the projection pursuit method to assess the protective quality of the coastal shelter forest at the coastal section scale of Dongshan Island, China. Three criteria were used, including forest stand structure, forest belt structure, and windbreak effect; each criterion further comprised multiple factors. Based on survey data of 31 plots in the coastal shelter forest of Dongshan Island, we calculated PEI values using a projection of a pursuit model. The result showed 64.5 % of the PEIs fell at or below the middle level, which can indicate the status of the coastal shelterbelt is unsatisfactory. To further explore whether the different bays and land use types create significant differences in PEIs and evaluation indices, we used an ANOVA to test the influence of various bays and forms of land use on coastal shelterbelts. The results showed that PEI and most of the indices differed significantly by bay; mean tree height, mean DBH, mean crown width, stand density, vegetation coverage, and wind velocity reduction differed significantly by land use. Therefore, relevant measures for different locations, bays and surrounding land use can be proposed to improve the existing conditions of the coastal shelterbelt. The results of this study provide a theoretical and technical framework for future changes and sustainable management of coastal shelterbelt on Dongshan Island.     

苦楝苗期生长规律及风口造林初报

通过对苦楝苗木生长过程进行实地观测,同时应用系统聚类分析,将苦楝苗木生长划分为出苗期(60d)、生长初期(60d)、生长盛期(60d)和生长末期(90d)等4个时期。风口造林试验表明,苦楝与木麻黄混交造林方式最好,4年生时平均树高1.5m,保存率达85.6%。苦楝在风口造林的成功不仅能提高沿海造林树种的多样性,对防治林业有害生物也起到积极作用。     

中南林学院竹类研究及其竹产品开发

竹林是世界上第二大森林，它不仅再生能力强，生长迅速、成材期短、产量高，而且具有一次造林永续利用等优点，是当今保护生态环境、退耕还林（草）首选的林种。通过近些年的研究发现，它的价值不仅仅体现在山区绿化和水土保持，而且从传统的编筐织席到现在的竹、木复合板材的加工利用以及与竹笋等有关的食品、饮料的综合开发，它已经成为不少地区广大林农的一大经济支柱和经济来源。     

鹿蹄草素对采后苹果轮纹病菌的抑制作用

苹果轮纹病菌(Physalospora piricola)是黄河故道地区苹果(Malus sp.)树主要病害之一。近年来,该病的发生与危害日趋严重,给苹果生产造成了很大的损失,严重影响了苹果的质量和产量。苹果轮纹菌不仅侵染田间生长的苹果,由于其潜伏侵染特     

不同竹材制备活性炭的孔结构特性比较研究

分别以毛竹、淡竹、甜竹及雷竹四种竹材为原料,以KOH活化法制备高比表面积活性炭,比较研究了不同竹种活性炭的比表面积及孔隙结构.研究结果表明:4种不同的竹种经活化后比表面积淡竹为2 327 m2·g-1、雷竹为2 045 m2·g-1、甜竹为2 102 m2·g-1、毛竹为2 233 m2·g-1;总孔容分别为淡竹1.27 m3·g-1、雷竹1.09 cm3·g-1、甜竹1.14 cm3·g-1、毛竹1.24 cm3·g-1.4种不同的竹质活性炭都含有大量的微孔和中孔,其中中孔率分别为淡竹58.3%、雷竹26.6%、甜竹56.1%、毛竹60.4%.且其孔径分布较集中,主要分布在0.5～7nm范围内.从总体上看这4个竹种经活化后比表面积和孔容差别不大,都达到高比表面积活性炭的要求范围,都可以作为制备高比表面积活性炭的原材料.     

浅谈德全亚麻厂的污水处理

依据建设单位要求,在满足出水水质的前提下,选用技术先进、建设投资少、成熟、可靠的工艺方案,利用接触氧化法,处理后的污水完全能够达到国家标准,并可排放或回用。     

黑荆木材及其KP、CTMP的纤维形态研究

研究表明黑荆木材１—３年生密度为０．５９—０．６５ｇ／ｃｍ３，５—１０年生为０．７２ｇ／ｃｍ３；１—７年生木材成分变化不大，纤维素在４５％以上，半纤维素在２５％以下，木素在２１％以下。比较６年生黑荆木材及其ＫＰ、ＣＴＭＰ的纤维形态，纤维长度在０．７６ｍｍ以上的，木材为７２．０４％、Ｋｐ为７２．２２％、ＣＴＭＰ为８２．５８％；平均纤维长度木材为０．８５６ｍｍ、ＫＰ为０．８４５ｍｍ、ＣＴＭＰ为１．１６５ｍｍ；纤维宽度在１２一２４μｍ，木材为９２．６２％、ＫＰ为９２．８６％、ＣＴＭＰ为３４．６３％；平均纤维宽度木材为１５．６μｍ、ＫＰ为１５．８μｍ、ＣＴＭＰ为３０．７μｍ；长宽比木材为５４．９、ＫＰ为５３．３、ＣＴＭＰ为３７．９。     

苦豆碱防治松材线虫病的林间试验

在国家自然科学基金的资助下，我们在筛选到天然化合物—苦豆碱具有对松材线虫极强的杀线活性［１］的基础上，进一步进行了用苦豆碱防治松材线虫病的多次林间试验，发现苦豆碱制剂具内吸性，能成功地控制松树中松材线虫的繁殖，使病松树得以康复。在林间试验证实苦豆碱剂...