轮叶党参根的扑草净残留量分析

应用GC-MS法测定了轮叶党参根中的扑草净残留量。检测结果表明,扑草净添加回收率为80.5%~88.7%,相对标准差0.46%~2.68%。残留测定结果表明,春季一年生轮叶党参移栽地分别以40%扑草净粉剂2 kg/hm2和4 kg/hm2处理,秋季收获(施药后152 d)时,其标准烘干的根中扑草净残留量分别为0.023 5 mg/kg和0.034 3 mg/kg,低于多数国家现行的扑草净在农产品的最大残留量允许范围(MRLs)标准。     

电子辐照灭活小麦矮腥黑穗菌

电子射线辐照处理小麦矮腥黑穗菌冬孢子,5kGy的剂量可使冬孢子丧失萌发力失去活性.     

Bacterial pathogens of rice in the Kingdom of Cambodia and description of a new pathogen causing a serious sheath rot disease

A study of rice diseases in Cambodia from 2005 to 2007 showed widespread occurrence of diseases caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae, Burkholderia gladioli, B. cepacia and Pantoea ananatis. This is the first report of these pathogens in Cambodia. Additionally, a pseudomonad causing a widespread disease similar to sheath brown rot (caused by Pseudomonas fuscovaginae) was isolated. The studied strains were pathogenic to rice cvs Sen Pidau and IR 66, producing similar, though slightly less severe, symptoms to those observed in the field. Based on comparative 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, combined with cell wall fatty acid analysis and metabolic profiles, the isolated strains were allocated to the genus Pseudomonas. The novel species were differentiated from Pseudomonas fuscovaginae and P. putida by their inability to metabolize d ‐fructose, d ‐galactose, d ‐galactonic acid lactone, d ‐galacturonic acid, d ‐glucosaminic acid, d ‐glucuronic acid, p‐hydroxy phenylacetic acid, d ‐saccharic acid and urocanic acid. The major fatty acids were C_16:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and C_16:1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c), representing 80% of the total. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences (1460 bp) were identical, except for two nucleotide changes amongst the six strains. Alignment of the causal strains within type‐culture databases revealed similarities of 99·7% with Pseudomonas parafulva AJ 2129^T, 99·2% with P. fulva IAM 1592^T, 98·9% with P. plecoglossicidia FPC 951^T, and 98·1% with P. fuscovaginae MAFF 301177^T. On the basis of data from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that the unknown strains isolated from rice represent a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas.     

Genetic diversity of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii and development of a SCAR marker for this guava‐damaging species

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the genetic variability of Meloidogyne enterolobii by molecular markers, and develop species‐specific molecular markers for application in detection. Sixteen M. enterolobii isolates from different geographical regions (Brazil and other countries) and hosts were used in this study. The identification and purification of the populations were carried out based on isoenzyme phenotype. The DNA amplification of the intergenic region (IGS) of the rDNA and of the region between the cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) and 16S rRNA genes (mtDNA) produced specific fragments of the expected size for this nematode, i.e. 780 and 705 bp, respectively. Intraspecific variability among the isolates was evaluated with three different neutral molecular markers: AFLP, ISSR and RAPD. The results showed a low level of diversity among the isolates tested, indicating that M. enterolobii is a genetically homogeneous root‐knot nematode species. The RAPD method allowed the identification of a species‐specific RAPD fragment for M. enterolobii. This fragment was cloned and sequenced, and from the sequence obtained, a set of primers was designed and tested. The amplification of a 520‐bp‐long fragment occurred only for the 16 isolates of M. enterolobii and not for the 10 other Meloidogyne species tested. In addition, positive detection was achieved in a single individual female, egg‐mass and second stage juvenile of this nematode. This SCAR species‐specific marker for M. enterolobii represents a new molecular tool to be used in the detection of this nematode from field samples and as a routine diagnostic test for quarantine devices .     

避雨栽培对南方甜樱桃生长发育影响研究进展

避雨栽培可提高甜樱桃的产量和品质,尤其是在多雨地区。笔者从生长环境、物候期、营养生长、生殖生长及病虫害五个角度,结合前人的研究分析了避雨栽培对甜樱桃生长发育的影响。并探讨了避雨设施未来的发展前景,以期为南方多雨地区栽培甜樱桃提供一定参考。     

加强生长育肥猪的饲养管理减少疾病的发生

在整个养猪生产中,育肥是养猪的最后一个生产环节,是检测猪种选择是否正确,营养饲料是否适合,饲养技术是否过硬,疫病防控是否完善的关键,不仅关系到市场供应,而且对猪场经济效益有着重要影响,也是发展养猪生产的最终目的。     

湘沙猪配套系的育种实践

文章在阐述配套系的定义、培育配套系的优势和主要技术环节基础上,全面介绍了湘沙猪配套系培育的背景、育种方案的制定、育种素材的收集、优势杂交组合筛选、专门化品系选育、配合力测定、繁育体系建设及示范推广等内容。同时提出开展配套系育种,必须得到政府部门的大力支持,要有地方猪种等育种资源,要有优秀的技术创新团队,要采取“产学研推”管理模式,要有充足科研经费做保障等建议。     

道路草花景观对驾驶人员红灯敏感度的影响

近年来,随着对城市道路景观构建的重视,道路绿化、彩化景观愈发优美和引人注目。该文基于152份有效问卷,研究对比分析了3种道路灌-草层的绿化形式(绿篱式、50%草花覆盖式及100%草花覆盖式)对有驾驶经验的受访者红灯敏感度的影响。结果显示,相对于绿篱式道路绿化,草花式道路绿化会造成受访者红灯敏感度降低;女性比男性的红灯敏感度高,但更易受草花干扰;25—45岁年龄段受访者对红灯的敏感度和抗草花干扰能力比18—25岁及45岁以上受访者高;相对于偏好草花式绿化的受访者,偏好绿篱式绿化的受访者有更高的红灯敏感度和抗草花干扰能力。建议应尽量避免在事故易发地段大面积应用颜色艳丽的草花进行道路绿化。     

基于遥感数据的大尺度区域水田空间格局及生态服务价值变化分析

受经济和气候驱动,长江经济带水田空间格局发生了显著变化,影响区域粮食安全与生态安全。本研究基于1990-2015年土地利用遥感监测数据,利用GIS的空间分析功能,探究长江经济带水田空间格局动态变化特征,采用当量因子法计算生态系统服务价值（ESV）,分析了水田变化的综合影响。结果表明：1）1990-2015年长江经济带水田规模持续缩减,共减少了17390km²,减幅呈增长态势具有显著地域差异,长江中上游与下游的水田减幅相差约为9.56%。其中下游减幅较大,水田占区域比例随之降低,中上游恰好相反。2）由于经济建设及水产养殖的发展,水田主要转化为建设用地和水系,水田主要由水系、旱地和湿地等转化而来。长江三角洲城市群、长江中游及成渝城市群的水田变化最为剧烈,建设用地侵占水田扩张的现象分布广泛,水田转为水系主要在两湖平原局部地区。3）水田与其他生态系统的转化对ESV是正影响,水田转为水系对此贡献最大,其转化规模决定了不同时期ESV净增量的大小,水系转化为水田损失的价值最多,建设用地侵占水田次之。不同市域的水田变化情况不一致,因此ESV增减情况具有明显差异。4）生态系统服务中水文调节、水资源供给增强的同时,食物生产、气体调节受到严重损害,与水资源规模扩大和水田资源大量流失有直接关系。研究结果有助于揭示长江流域水田的时空变化过程及其对各项生态系统服务的影响,可为区域土地利用规划、农业政策与生态可持续发展提供理论支持。     

酸改性麦麸挂面配方的研究

为改善挂面制品的营养保健功能,研发谷物加工副产物的深加工产品,将经过超声波-酸解法改性处理后的麦麸粉添加到面粉中用于制作酸改性麦麸挂面。通过单因素试验及正交试验优化确定酸改性麦麸挂面的最优配方。结果表明,在面粉100 g的基础上,酸改性麦麸粉添加量为6%（相当于面粉质量的百分比）、水添加量为56%、食盐添加量为3.5%、食碱添加量为0.4%、羧甲基纤维素钠添加量为0.4%,此条件下制得的挂面品质良好,且外观、适口性较好。