Nitrate leaching and intensive outdoor pig production

Abstract. The production of pigs in outdoor units is gaining in popularity in the United Kingdom and is often concentrated on free-draining soils over important aquifers. Originally, stocking rates were sufficiently low to ensure the maintenance of a grass crop, but recently they have increased. Pigs are natural 'rooters' and wallowers and so cause damage to vegetation and soil structure. With overstocking these natural activities lead to considerable areas of bare, uncropped ground for much of the year. This paper assesses the potential for leaching of nitrate from such land, and makes recommendations for decreasing it.     

The effect of glyphosate on the viability of seed potato tubers

Summary Glyphosate applied to a growing crop of potatoes adversely affected the growth of the harvested tubers in the following season. Some effects were produced at 0.018 kg/ha^*, equivalent to ca 1 % of a commercial application rate. Symptoms were more severe at higher rates.     

Cochlear distortion: effect of direct-current polarization

Intermodulation components (combination tones) appearing in microphonic potentials were measured from guinea pig cochleas with and without polarizing direct currents passing through the cochlear partition. At moderate intensities of stimulus the polarization had a qualitatively different effect on the distortion components than on their eliciting primaries or on pure tones simulating the distortion products. At high intensities, the primaries and the combination tones were similarly influenced by the polarizing current. It is concluded that cochlear distortion is a two-stage process, mechano-electrical at low levels and mechano-hydraulic at high levels.