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51.
Total assayable cortisol in plasma was highly correlated (r = 0.97) with physiologically active free cortisol in plasma after routine management procedures in 1- to 3-weeks-old goats. Transport of adult goats caused significant increases (P less than 0.001) in free cortisol in saliva and in free and total cortisol in plasma. No difference (P greater than 0.05) between concentrations of free cortisol in saliva and in plasma was apparent before or after transport. The results demonstrated that the salivary cortisol method is a useful measure of stress in adult goats, and that the relationship between free and total cortisol in plasma, and the adrenocortical response to transport, appear to be similar in sheep and goats. 相似文献
52.
Prevalence, spread and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in dairy goat herds in New South Wales 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SUMMARY A study of the prevalence, spread and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in dairy goat herds in New South Wales (NSW) during 1986–1988 found that 56.8% of 1484 goats in 14 dairy herds were infected with CAEV. The prevalence of CAEV infection within most herds not implementing control measures increased during the study. At the end of the study, 59.7% of 1322 goats were infected. The prevalence of CAEV increased with age. Differences between breeds were less apparent. Within seven herds with a high standard of identification of goats, 149 of 812 goats seroconverted in an ELISA. Of these newly infected goats, 142 (95.3%) were > 1 yr of age and 96 (64.4%) were > 2 yr suggesting lateral spread of the virus. Most of the goats > 2 yr of age had been in the milking herd for a minimum of 3 to 6 months. The high seroconversion rate within the milking herd suggested that factors other than the ingestion of infected colostrum and milk before weaning were important for the spread of CAEV. Observations indicated that behaviour of goats, particularly reproductive behaviour among lactating does, and milking herd management practices are important in the spread of CAEV. A high density of livestock, poor livestock control and contamination of feed, water, equipment and personnel were implicated in transmission. Poorly functioning milking machines may also be involved. CAEV was eradicated from 3 herds by the implementation of strict control measures. 相似文献
53.
Clarissa MR. Moreira Renato LS. Oliveira Gilberto A. Costa Katia B. Corgozinho Stelio PL. Luna Heloisa JM. Souza 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(1):134-141
ObjectiveTo evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of tumescent local anesthesia (TLA) in cats undergoing unilateral mastectomy.Study designProspective clinical trial.AnimalsA total of 12 ovariohysterectomized female cats.MethodsAll animals were premedicated with pethidine (4 mg kg–1) intramuscularly (IM), followed by induction of anesthesia with propofol (5 mg kg–1) intravenously and maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen. A refrigerated TLA solution (15 mL kg–1, 8 °C) was injected using a Klein cannula. The solution was composed of 0.5 mL of epinephrine (1 mg mL–1) and 40 mL of 2% lidocaine added to 210 mL lactated Ringer’s solution (final lidocaine concentration 0.32%). Heart and respiratory rates, systolic arterial blood pressure, temperature and oxygen saturation were measured during anesthesia. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for measurement of plasma lidocaine concentration using high performance liquid chromatography. Postoperative pain scores were evaluated hourly for 6 hours. Analgesic rescue was performed with tramadol (2 mg kg–1) IM and meloxicam (0.15 mg kg–1) subcutaneously.ResultsPlasma lidocaine concentration peaked at 90 minutes after injection of TLA, but no concentration considered toxic for the species was measured. The median postoperative analgesia time was 6 hours after injection of TLA.ConclusionsThis study found that TLA prevented sympathetic response to noxious stimuli during anesthesia and provided satisfactory postoperative analgesia in cats submitted to total unilateral mastectomy, with no apparent signs of toxicity.Clinical relevanceTLA can prevent sympathetic stimulation resulting from noxious stimuli during anesthesia, promoting good intraoperative conditions, proving to be a viable addition to analgesia in cats submitted to a total unilateral mastectomy. 相似文献
54.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone effects in the central nervous system: dependence on arousal state 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone was microinjected into the dorsal hippocampus of ground squirrels (Citellus lateralis) when they were at different levels of arousal, as assessed by electrophysiological and behavioral criteria. When administered to the awake animal, thyrotropin-releasing hormone produced dose-dependent decreases in body temperature accompanied by behavioral quieting and reductions in metabolic rate and electromyographic activity. The magnitude of these effects was greater when the peptide was microinjected during a period of behavioral activation. In contrast, administration of the peptide during slow wave sleep produced increased thermogenesis, an increase in electromyographic activity, and an increase in the amount of electroencephalographic desynchronization. 相似文献
55.
M Bockrath DH Cobden PL McEuen NG Chopra A Zettl A Thess RE Smalley 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5308):1922-1925
The electrical properties of individual bundles, or "ropes," of single-walled carbon nanotubes have been measured. Below about 10 kelvin, the low-bias conductance was suppressed for voltages less than a few millivolts. In addition, dramatic peaks were observed in the conductance as a function of a gate voltage that modulated the number of electrons in the rope. These results are interpreted in terms of single-electron charging and resonant tunneling through the quantized energy levels of the nanotubes composing the rope. 相似文献
56.
Polly M Taylor MA VetMB PhD DVA MRCVS Stelio PL Luna DVM PhD Kate L White MA Vet MB CertVA MRCVS Malcolm Bloomfield Abigail L Fowden MA PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(3):119-125
Objective To characterize intravenous anaesthesia with detomidine, ketamine and guaiphenesin in pregnant ponies. Animals Twelve pony mares, at 260–320 days gestation undergoing abdominal surgery to implant fetal and maternal vascular catheters. Materials and methods Pre‐anaesthetic medication with intravenous (IV) acepromazine (30 µg kg?1), butorphanol (20 µg kg?1) and detomidine (10 µg kg?1) preceded induction of anaesthesia with detomidine (10 µg kg?1) and ketamine (2 mg kg?1) IV Maternal arterial blood pressure was measured directly throughout anaesthesia and arterial blood samples were taken at 20‐minute intervals for measurement of blood gases and plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose and lactate. Anaesthesia was maintained with an IV infusion of detomidine (0.04 mg mL?1), ketamine (4 mg mL?1) and guaiphenesin (100 mg mL?1) (DKG) for 140 minutes. Oxygen was supplied by intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) adjusted to maintain PaCO2 between 5.0 and 6.0 kPa (38 and 45 mm Hg), while PaO2 was kept close to 20.0 kPa (150 mm Hg) by adding nitrous oxide. Simultaneous fetal and maternal blood samples were withdrawn at 90 minutes. Recovery quality was assessed. Results DKG was infused at 0.67 ± 0.17 mL kg?1 hour?1 for 1 hour then reduced, reaching 0.28 ± 0.14 mL kg?1 hour?1 at 140 minutes. Arterial blood gas values and pH remained within intended limits. During anaesthesia there was no change in heart rate, but arterial blood pressure decreased by 10%. Plasma glucose and lactate increased (10‐fold and 2‐fold, respectively) and cortisol decreased by 50% during anaesthesia. Fetal umbilical venous pH, PO2 and PCO2 were 7.34 ± 0.06, 5.8 ± 0.9 kPa (44 ± 7 mm Hg) and 6.7 ± 0.8 kPa (50 ± 6 mm Hg); and fetal arterial pH, PO2 and PCO2 were 7.29 ± 0.06, 4.0 ± 0.7 kPa (30 ± 5 mm Hg) and 7.8 ± 1.7 kPa (59 ± 13 mm Hg), respectively. Surgical conditions were good but four ponies required a single additional dose of ketamine. Ponies took 60 ± 28 minutes to stand and recovery was good. Conclusions and clinical relevance Anaesthesia produced with DKG was smooth while cardiovascular function in mare and fetus was well preserved. This indicates that DKG infusion is suitable for maintenance of anaesthesia in pregnant equidae. 相似文献