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131.
Role of Gene Interactions in Hybrid Speciation: Evidence from Ancient and Experimental Hybrids 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
LH Rieseberg B Sinervo CR Linder MC Ungerer DM Arias 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5262):741-745
The origin of a new diploid species by means of hybridization requires the successful merger of differentiated parental species' genomes. To study this process, the genomic composition of three experimentally synthesized hybrid lineages was compared with that of an ancient hybrid species. The genomic composition of the synthesized and ancient hybrids was concordant (rs = 0.68, P < 0.0001), indicating that selection to a large extent governs hybrid species formation. Further, nonrandom rates of introgression and significant associations among unlinked markers in each of the three synthesized hybrid lineages imply that interactions between coadapted parental species' genes constrain the genomic composition of hybrid species. 相似文献
132.
MA Stornelli JC Reyna MC Stornelli R Nuñez Favre CA Savignone CM Tittarelli RL de la Sota 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):287-290
The aim of this study was to asses the variation in the morphology of the seminal epithelium in relation to natural photoperiod in male cats. Tom cats (n = 240) were castrated every other week throughout the year. Each testis was fixed in Bouin's solution and cut into sections. The percentage of tubules with round spermatids (RS), elongated spermatids (ES), tailed spermatids (TS), mature spermatids (MS) and the number of Sertoli cells (SC) and Leydig cells (LC) were recorded in each sample. Testicles from males during short days (SHD) had a higher percentage of tubules with RS and ES compared to testicles from males during long days (LHD, 31.3 ± 0.6 vs 2.1 ± 0.6%, p < 0.001; 30.9 ± 0.7 vs 11.0 ± 0.7%, p < 0.001). Conversely, testicles from males during SHD had a lower percentage of tubules with TS and MS compared to testicles from males during LHD (24.5 ± 0.8 vs 29.7 ± 0.8%, p < 0.01; 13.1 ± 1.2 vs 57.0 ± 1.2%, p < 0.01). Furthermore, testicles from males during SHD had a higher number of SC and lower number of LC compared to testicles from males during LHD (11.4 ± 0.1 vs 8.0 ± 0.1%, p < 0.01; 19.2 ± 1.0 vs 38.0 ± 1.0%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, there are seasonal changes in testis cell morphology in the tom which may be related to seasonal sperm production. 相似文献
133.
F Martínez-Pastor M del Rocío Fernández-Santos ÁE Domínguez-Rebolledo MC Esteso JJ Garde ; Biology of Reproduction Group 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(3):424-431
The assessment of sperm chromatin status is compulsory in a complete spermiogram. Here we applied the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test to assess the chromatin status of three fighting bulls. Cryopreserved semen (two straws/bull) were analysed by duplicate after thawing and after 6 h at 37°C with and without oxidative stress (1 m m FE2+ ). Results (SCD: percentage of spermatozoa with halo; SCSA: SD-DFI, %DFI and HDS) were analysed for differences between bulls and treatments, sensitivity and specificity (receiver operating characteristic curves) and repeatability (repeatability coefficients as 2SD of duplicate differences).%DFI for the three bulls was below 2% at 0 h, indicating no risk for fertility according to previous reports. It increased slightly for two of the bulls after FE2+ treatment (%DFI < 5%) and more pronouncedly for the other bull (C, %DFI∼10%), which merits further investigation. SCD rendered higher percentage of halos for bull C, but could not discriminate between samples with and without oxidizing treatment (AUC: 0.52). SCSA (%DFI) showed a high discriminating ability between treatments (AUC: 0.96). The repeatability coefficient was also higher for SCD (5.9) than for %DFI (1.8), indicating lower repeatability for SCD. Overall, %DFI might be the most useful parameter for assessing sperm chromatin on fighting bull. SCD might yield different information than SCSA, hence further research is warranted. 相似文献
134.
Involvement of Protein cAMP‐dependent Kinase,Phospholipase A2 and Phospholipase C in Sperm Acrosome Reaction of Chinchilla lanigera 下载免费PDF全文
MC Gramajo‐Bühler L Zelarayán G Sánchez‐Toranzo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):150-157
The mechanisms involved in fertilization are the centre of attention in order to determine the conditions required to reproduce in vitro the events that take place in vivo, with special interest in endangered species. Previous data from mouse sperm, where acrosome reaction (AR) occurs more often in the interstitium of the cumulus oophorus, contribute to strengthen the use of progesterone as a physiological inducer of this process. We studied the participation of protein kinase A (PKA), phospholipases A2 and C (PLA2, PLC) in the AR induced by progesterone from Chinchilla epididymal spermatozoa. The addition of db‐cAMP to the incubation medium caused an increase of 58% in the AR, while the use of H89 (30 μm ), a PKA inhibitor, reflected a decrease of 40% in the percentage of reacted gametes. The assays conducted with arachidonic acid showed a maximum increase of 23% in the AR. When gametes were pre‐incubated with PLA2 inhibitors, a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect was observed. The addition of phorbol12‐myristate13‐acetate (10 μm ) revealed higher percentages of AR induction (60%). When PLC was inhibited with neomycin and U73122, a dose‐dependent decrease in AR percentages was observed. Combined inhibition of PKA, PLA2 and PLC, AR values similar to control were obtained. This work shows evidence, for the first time in Chinchilla, that progesterone activates the AC/cAMP/PKA system as well as sperm phospholipases and that these signalling pathways participate jointly and cooperatively in AR. These results contribute to the understanding of the complex regulation that is triggered in sperm after the effect of progesterone. 相似文献