Isolation and Characterization of a Yellow Xanthophyll Pigment-Producing Marine Bacterium,Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 Strain,in Coastal Seawater

Xanthophylls, a yellow pigment belonging to the carotenoid family, have attracted much attention for industrial applications due to their versatile nature. We report the isolation of a homo xanthophyll pigment-producing marine bacterium, identified as the Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain, from coastal seawater. The isolated Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain can produce 263 ± 12.9 mg/L (89.7 ± 5.4 mg/g dry cell weight) of yellow xanthophyll pigment from 5 g/L of glucose. Moreover, the xanthophyll pigment produced by the SDW2 strain exhibits remarkable antioxidative activities, confirmed by the DPPH (73.4 ± 1.4%) and ABTS (84.9 ± 0.7%) assays. These results suggest that the yellow xanthophyll pigment-producing Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain could be a promising industrial microorganism for producing marine-derived bioactive compounds with potential for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.     

地市级农科所以科技创新推动地方产业发展的实践与思考 ——以江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所为例

文章以江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所为例,总结了其以科技创新推动地方产业发展的实践经验,分析了地市级农科所以科技创新推动地方产业发展存在的问题,如农业科技创新投入强度偏低、科研成果与市场脱节、农业科研与科技推广不能有效衔接等,并从加大对基层科研单位的科研投入力度、发挥市场和政府等多元化主体作用、优化农技推广服务体系、转变传统科技创新思路等方面提出了有针对性的建议,以期推动科技创新与产业发展深度融合。     

添加剂对番茄茎秆好氧堆肥发酵过程及氮素损失的影响

为研究减少在番茄茎秆好氧堆肥过程中氮素损失的途径,提高堆肥品质,以粉碎的番茄茎秆为原料,按物料干重分别加入5%的腐殖酸(T1)、氯化钙(T2)和过磷酸钙(T3),同时以不进行任何添加的堆体作为对照(CK),进行45 d的好氧堆肥试验。结果表明：3种添加剂均可降低堆肥过程中的氮素损失,同时减少了NH₃的挥发量;堆肥结束时,CK、T1、T2和T3处理的氮素损失率分别为18.04%、15.00%、12.65%和14.05%,累计NH₃挥发量为CK(1 648.11 mg/kg)>T1(1 330.35 mg/kg)>T3(995.35 mg/kg)>T2(528.11 mg/kg)。其中,添加氯化钙的处理保氮效果最好,与对照相比,氮素损失率低至12.65%,NH₃挥发量减少67.96%;各处理高温期均≥3 d,发芽指数≥80%,表明堆体已经腐熟,无植物毒性。综上,番茄茎秆好氧堆肥中添加氯化钙,对于减少堆肥过程中的氮素损失较为理想。本研究可为番茄茎秆好氧堆肥保氮工艺优化提供理论依据。     

设施栽培条件下月季灰霉病预测模型的建立及应用

为有效防治月季灰霉病发生,保障切花产品采后品质,以‘粉蝴蝶’(‘Vuvuzela’)和‘雪山’(‘Avalanche’)为试验材料,实地调查设施内灰霉病发病情况,监测温室内温湿度,获取当地降雨量等气象资料,构建了月季切花设施生产灰霉病预测模型,并利用这一模型进行灰霉病防治的实际指导。结果表明：1)‘粉蝴蝶’‘雪山’的灰霉病病情指数与设施内的均温和均湿呈线性相关,据此建立灰霉病预测模型,Y=4.761-0.332X₁+4.930X₂+0.015X₃;这一预测模型经设施内实测验证,平均绝对误差(MAE)=0.20,平均绝对百分误差(MAPE)=0.31,表明可有效预测7日内设施条件下月季切花灰霉病发病情况。2)‘粉蝴蝶’‘雪山’在贮藏和瓶插期的灰霉病发病率与栽培中病情指数预测值呈正相关。当病情指数为Y=0.33的低预测值时,切花产品在模拟运输1 d+冷库贮藏5 d后,发病率为5.0%;当病情指数为Y=2.09的高预测值时,切花产品在相同处理后发病率可达35.0%。3)基于预测模型进行病害爆发前3 d喷药的早期防治处理,采收当...     

High-throughput phenotyping:Breaking through the bottleneck in future crop breeding

With the rapid development of genetic analysis techniques and crop population size, phenotyping has become the bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Breaking th...     

Screening of Feather Degrading Bacteria and Optimization of Fer-mentation Conditions from Poultry

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and screen the microorganisms from the soil where chicken feathers were piled for a long time and identify them bi...     

21世纪我国水产动植物病害防治的发展方向

本文根据我国目前水产养殖动植物病害发生的态势,提出了21 世纪防治技术发展的方向:①健康养殖;②重点防治病毒病;③免疫学应用;④研制生物渔药;⑤病害的预测和预报;⑥建立病原库;⑦水产病害生物工程的研究和应用。     

海产食品中药理活性成分研究进展

对近几年来海洋水产食品中抗肿瘤、抗菌抗病毒、抗溃疡、抗心血管疾病等方面的活性物质的研究进行了综述，旨在为水产品的开发和综合利用提供帮助。     

池塘主养异育淇鲫高产试验

异育淇鲫是以淇河鲫鱼的卵经兴国红鲤精子刺激行雌核发育而来，因其肉质鲜美、生长快、适应性强、经济价值较高而受到广大养殖业者的青睐。近几年来已推广到全国很多地方进行养殖。2004年3月至10月我们对异育淇鲫成鱼进行池塘主养实验，取得较好的经济效益，现将实验情况总结如下。     

Effect of dietary protein reduction with lysine and methionnine supplementation on growth performance,body composition and total ammonia nitrogen excretion of juvenile grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

A 63‐day growth trial was undertaken to estimate the effects of supplemented lysine and methionine with different dietary protein levels on growth performance and feed utilization in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six plant‐based practical diets were prepared, and 32CP, 30CP and 28CP diets were formulated to contain 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 crude protein without lysine and methionine supplementation. In the supplementary group, lysine and methionine were added to formulate 32AA, 30AA and 28AA diets with 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 dietary crude protein, respectively, according to the whole body amino acid composition of Grass Carp. In the groups without lysine and methionine supplementation, weight gain (WG, %) and specific growth rate (SGR, % day^?1) of the fish fed 32CP diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed 30CP and 28CP diets, but no significant differences were found between 30CP‐ and 28CP‐diet treatments. WG and SGR of the fish fed 32AA and 30AA diets were significantly higher than that of fish fed 28AA diets, and the performance of grass carp was also significantly improved when fed diets with lysine and methionine supplementation (P < 0.05), and the interaction between dietary protein level and amino acid supplementation was noted between WG and SGR (P < 0.05). Feed intake (FI) was significantly increased with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05), but feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a significant decreasing trend (P < 0.05). Two days after total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration test, the values of TAN discharged by the fish 8 h after feeding were 207.1, 187.5, 170.6, 157.3, 141.3 and 128.9 mg kg^?1 body weight for fish fed 32CP, 32AA, 30CP, 30AA, 28CP and 28AA diets, respectively. TAN excretion by grass carp was reduced in plant‐based practical diets with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05). The results indicated that lysine and methionine supplementation to the plant protein sources‐based practical diets can improve growth performance and feed utilization of grass carp, and the dietary crude protein can be reduced from 320 g kg^?1 to 300 g kg^?1 through balancing amino acids profile. The positive effect was not observed at 280 g kg^?1 crude protein level.