干旱胁迫对不同藜麦种子萌发及生理特性的影响

为研究不同干旱程度对不同藜麦种子萌发及幼苗生长期耐旱性的影响,以忻藜1号（黑藜）、忻藜2号（白藜）和忻藜3号（红藜）为材料,采用培养皿萌发、土培育苗的方法,设置6个PEG 6000浓度梯度（0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%）,对3种藜麦的种子和幼苗进行处理,测定其种子发芽率、发芽势、下胚轴长、根长等指标和幼苗脯氨酸含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性等生理指标。结果表明：（1）随着PEG 6000浓度的升高,藜麦种子的发芽势、发芽率、下胚轴长和根长都呈现逐渐降低的趋势,用回归分析求得白藜半致死PEG 6000干旱胁迫浓度为20.02%,黑藜为20.25%,红藜为24.70%;（2）随着PEG 6000浓度的升高,3种藜麦幼苗SOD和POD活性都呈先升后降的趋势;MDA和脯氨酸含量与干旱胁迫程度呈显著正相关关系。由此可得,红藜耐旱性最强,黑藜次之,白藜最差。     

Low‐carbon evaluation of rural neighborhood: A case study of Yanhe Village,Hubei Province,China

Climate change has become a global issue influencing human survival and development while low‐carbon is the inevitable choice. As the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, China has become an important force that influences the cooperation of climate change. China is a large agricultural country, and the rural carbon emissions have been gradually increasing. We consider rural neighborhood as an important space for the use of low‐carbon ideas to address climate change. There is no specific assessment system for a rural neighborhood. The studies of rural neighborhood low‐carbon mainly focus on the method of calculation carbon emissions. However, only quantifying rural carbon emissions is insufficient. In this paper, a low‐carbon evaluation indicator system has been proposed for rural neighborhood and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation has been applied to get the low‐carbon degree. Considering the influence and feedback inside the indicator system, Analytic Network Process was applied to get the weights. Furthermore, a case study was carried out for the using of the proposed method in an eco‐village of China. Our practice has proved that the system is easy to operate in rural neighborhood.     

Identification and verification of quantitative trait loci for eating and cooking quality of rice (Oryza sativa)

This study was conducted to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that have stable effects for eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of rice. Three recombinant inbred line populations of indica rice were each planted in two years. Three traits for ECQ, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and alkali spreading value (ASV), were measured for QTL analysis. A total of 13 QTLs were detected, including four for AC, six for ASV and three for GC. Two QTLs, qGC4 in the interval RM16252–RM335 on the short arm of chromosome 4 and qGC6.2 in the Alk region, were validated in a population derived from a residual heterozygote that was homozygous at the major locus Wx. In the absence of segregation at the Wx locus, qGC4 and qGC6.2 had additive effects of 2.46 and 8.18 mm, respectively, offering a potential for improving GC property of rice varieties. Comparison between qGC4 and previous results suggests that qGC4 is likely a new QTL for GC, providing a candidate for gene cloning and functional characterization.     

棉花GhMADS12基因的克隆及其表达载体的构建

MADS-box基因是真核生物中一类重要的转录调控因子,调节着植物根、茎、叶到花的发育和果实的成熟。本研究以中棉所36花发育期均一化全长cDNA文库为基础,分离出一个棉花的MADS-box基因全长cDNA命名为GhMADS12。同时利用pBI121双元载体成功构建了GhMADS12基因的植物过表达载体,并利用基因枪轰击法瞬时表达载体,验证了载体的可靠性,为下一步转基因验证基因的功能奠定了基础。     

棉花油分合成相关基因的SSCP标记开发

本研究根据棉花油份合成相关基因(lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase,LPAAT; diacylglycerol acyltransferase,DGAT; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPC)设计了75对引物,在8个棉花品种中运用SSCP技术...     

用SSR标记初步分析高州普通野生稻的籼粳分化

利用34对SSR引物对高州普通野生稻(简称"高野",下同)7个自然居群217份个体进行研究,并结合统计软件进行遗传距离和遗传结构分析.通过已明晰籼、粳类型的中国栽培稻微核心种质作对照检测,所用引物能有效区分籼粳亚种,并在高野材料中扩增出籼稻带型、粳稻带型以及野生稻特殊带型.结果表明,高野群体总体比较原始,已经出现了籼粳分化,其中偏粳多于偏籼,但这种分化是初步的.本研究为进一步明确高野在中国栽培稻的起源演化上的地位、并对其有效的发掘利用提供科学参考.     

DNA分子标记技术及其在椰子种质资源研究中的应用

快速发展的分子标记技术已经在国外椰子种质资源和育种研究中得到了广泛的应用。简要介绍了几种常用的DNA分子标记技术的产生及原理,主要综述了这项技术在国外椰子种质资源研究领域的进展,重点阐述了该技术在椰子遗传多样性和遗传关系分析方面的研究状况,最后指出这项技术在中国的发展状况,并展望了其重大的影响和广阔的应用前景。     

水稻剑叶角度与主穗产量的遗传剖析

理想水稻株型的选育与高产育种密切相关,而剑叶角度则是构成水稻理想株型的重要指标之一,同时也是影响水稻产量的重要因素。合理开发利用水稻中控制剑叶角度及产量相关的数量性状基因座位（QTL）,并结合分子育种技术,可更好地为高产制繁种目标服务。通过应用由244个株系组成的珍汕97B/密阳46重组自交系（RIL）群体,构建含256个分子标记的连锁图谱,采用QTL区间作图法对剑叶角度及主穗产量等5个性状进行定位分析,共检测到17个QTL,分布于染色体1、2、3、5、6、9、10、11。这些QTL对相应性状的贡献率介于3.46%~25.64%之间。在第1染色体上检测到控制5个性状的QTL,其中控制剑叶角度的两个QTL;在第2、3、9、10、11染色体上分别检测到各一个QTL;第5染色体上检测到控制剑叶、每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数的3个QTL;1个每穗实粒数和2个每穗实粒重的QTL分布于第6染色体上。多个区间表现出对两个性状的显著作用,其中第1染色体2个,第6染色体1个。相关性分析表明,较小的剑叶角度可通过提高结实率进而显著增加产量。     

沟垄集雨技术研究进展及其在旱作马铃薯生产中的应用潜力

近年来,沟垄集雨技术正在逐渐成为我国旱区作物增产的重要措施。简要概述了沟垄集雨技术的概念,综合目前的研究进展,从集雨、保墒和用水三个环节总结了影响沟垄集雨技术效果的因素,分析了沟垄集雨栽培技术对作物生长发育的影响。最后,展望了沟垄集雨技术在旱作马铃薯生产中的应用潜力。     

甜玉米不同采收期籽粒品质性状研究

为研究不同采收期甜玉米品质性状的变化,以7个国内生产主推甜玉米品种为研究材料,设置授粉后15、18、21、24、27、30天共计6个采收期,动态监测甜玉米籽粒含水率、果皮厚度和糖组分等指标。结果表明：（1）参试甜玉米品种的籽粒含水率在授粉后15~30天呈下降趋势,其籽粒含水率变幅为80.09%~68.76%。不同甜玉米品种间籽粒含水率的平均下降速率各异。‘京科甜608’、‘京科甜533’和‘中农大甜413’籽粒含水率下降速率相对缓慢。（2）参试甜玉米品种果皮厚度随授粉后天数增加呈先升高后降低的单峰变化趋势,峰值出现在授粉后21天左右。不同品种间籽粒平均果皮厚度以‘京科甜608’和‘米哥’最低,为78.40 μm;‘中农大甜413’最高,为91.63 μm。（3）参试甜玉米品种籽粒中葡萄糖和果糖含量在授粉后15~30天呈降低趋势,‘京科甜533’、‘京科甜183’、‘京科甜608’葡萄糖和果糖含量在授粉后15~24天相对较高。蔗糖和山梨醇含量随授粉后天数增加呈先升高后降低趋势,在授粉后21~30天,蔗糖含量以‘京科甜158’和‘米哥’含量相对较高。籽粒发育初期（授粉后21天之前）,籽粒中以果糖和葡萄糖为主,之后蔗糖逐渐增加。不同品种间,‘京科甜533’、‘京科甜183’、‘中农大甜413’和‘京科甜608’籽粒中总糖含量均高于‘米哥’,其籽粒中糖组分主要以果糖和葡萄糖等还原性糖为主,而蔗糖含量相对较低。