植物乳杆菌微胶囊化的研究

为了保证足够的乳酸菌在动物肠道中发挥益生作用,试验以海藻酸钠、脱脂奶粉、乳糖为壁材,采用挤压包埋和冷冻干燥结合的方法对植物乳杆菌进行微胶囊化研究。通过正交试验找到最佳的微胶囊化条件及载体的添加量。结果表明,海藻酸钠浓度为3％,脱脂奶粉浓度为4％,乳糖浓度为6％,CaCl₂浓度为2％时,制备的微胶囊中活菌数最高,达到7.67×10¹⁰ CFU/g,且产品具有耐酸性。     

猪人工授精技术的探讨

猪人工授精技术是以种猪的培育和商品猪的生产为目的,进行科学养猪、实现养猪生产现代化的重要手段。作者就其优点、授精的几个重要环节、影响授精效果的原因分析、面临的问题、发展前景等做简单介绍。     

高寒地区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播增产效应的研究

在甘肃省天祝县高寒地区对一年生牧草燕麦和箭筈豌豆混播增产效应进行了研究.结果表明,混播群落中燕麦与箭管豌豆通过对光能、养分、水分等资源的相互协同利用,提高了资源利用效率,群落草层高度和单位面积干物质产量增加.其中,以燕麦76kg/hm2 箭管豌豆42kg/hm2播草地的种间协同效应最佳,干物质产量为5900kg/hm2,比燕麦和箭筈豌豆单播分别增产15.7%和68.6%.     

辽宁省番茄灰霉病菌对烯肟菌酯的敏感性检测

从辽宁省不同地区尚未使用过甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂的保护地采集番茄灰霉病菌,分离获得代表性菌株113株.采用菌丝生长速率法测定各菌株对烯肟菌酯的敏感性.试验结果表明,不同地区的番茄灰霉病菌对烯肟菌酯的敏感性差异不显著;辽宁省番茄灰霉病菌对烯肟菌酯的敏感基线为6.263 4μg·ml-1.     

杏鲍菇液体菌种的生产工艺优化与应用

对杏鲍菇液体发酵过程进行研究,实验结果表明杏鲍菇液体菌种较优生产工艺条件是：250mL三角瓶中装液量为100mL,转速180r·min^-1,温度25℃,发酵培养周期144h。所获得的杏鲍菇液体菌种活力强,菌龄一致,将其接种于木屑栽培培养基,菌丝萌发、吃料快,生长整齐,出菇早,平均生物学效率92．4％。     

LRRK2/NF-κB signaling modulates inflammatory responses in BCG-infected RAW264.7 macrophages

AIM: To investigate the biological function and potential mechanism of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in RAW264.7 macrophages during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. METHODS: The bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-infected RAW264.7 cell model was established. Colony-forming unit (CFU) analysis was used to determine the mycobacterial viability. The releases of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the RAW264.7 cells were detected by ELISA. qPCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. RESULTS: LRRK2 was robustly enhanced in the RAW264.7 cells in response to BCG infection. Additionally, silencing of LRRK2 suppressed intracellular growth of mycobacteria during BCG challenge. Moreover, silencing of LRRK2 dramatically attenuated the accumulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ induced by BCG infection. More importantly, LRRK2 modulated BCG-induced inflammatory responses by positively regulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: LRRK2/NF-κB signaling pathway positively modulates inflammatory responses during BCG infection, which may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and useful information for developing potential therapeutic interventions against the disease.     

Effects of different β-adrenergic receptors on cardiac systolic and diastolic functions in hypoxic stress rats

AIM:To explore the effects of different β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) on the left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in rats under acute hypoxic stress. METHODS:The healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=7):control group, non-selected β-AR blocker propranolol group, selected β₁-AR blocker atenolol group and selected β₂-AR blocker ICI 118,551 group, and then the rats were exposed to normoxia (20.9% O₂, 79.1% N₂) and hypoxia (15.0% O₂, 85.0% N₂) condition respectively at the altitude of 2 260 m (Xining, China). The heart rate (HR), the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and the maximum raise/decline rate of left and right ventricular pressure (±dp/dt_max) were monitored, and the arterial blood gas in normoxia and hypoxia condition were compared to explore the effect of β-AR on the left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in acute hypoxic stress rats. RESULTS:Under normoxia condition, the LVSP, ±dp/dt_max of left ventricular were decreased in propranolol group, atenolol group and ICI 118,551 group, the RVSP and ±dp/dt_max of right ventricle were decreased in propranolol group and atenolol group (P<0.05). Under hypoxia condition, the PaO₂, LVSP, ±dp/dt_max of left ventricle were decreased in all groups compared with the normoxia group, and the ±dp/dt_max of right ventricle was increased in all groups (P<0.05), also the degree of index change in control group was more obvious than that in propranolol group and atenolol group. CONCLUSION:The activation of β₁-AR is an important compensatory regulation for heart function during hypoxic stress. However, the compensatory enhancement of right heart function under acute hypoxia condition which through tonogenic dilation is more significant for maintaining the normal circulating blood flow.     

新疆伊犁蔷薇黄卷蛾生物学特性与防治

蔷薇黄卷蛾是新疆伊犁河谷林、果园新发生的害虫。2015—2016年采取室内饲养和田间调查对蔷薇黄卷蛾发生为害情况、形态特征、生活史、生物学特性及防治技术进行了研究,以期为防控提供参考依据。结果表明:蔷薇黄卷蛾在新疆伊犁地区1年发生1代,产卵在树缝、老翘皮或树干背面洼裂处,并越冬。在伊宁市和霍城县,翌年3月中旬越冬代卵开始孵化,4月上旬幼虫出现,分散为害,5月上旬开始化蛹,5月中旬成虫出现,6月中旬至翌年3月中旬越冬代卵出现。在尼勒克县,由于气候冷凉,幼虫孵化较霍城县和伊宁市晚逾10d,即4月下旬至5月上中旬幼虫出现,5月中下旬至6月上旬蛹期,5、6月下旬蛹开始羽化成成虫,6月下旬至翌年4月中旬越冬代卵出现。在特克斯县,气候更冷凉,较其他县晚1个月,翌年5月上旬幼虫孵化,5月下旬至6月上、中旬化蛹,6月中下旬至7月上旬成虫出现,7月上旬至翌年4月下旬越冬代卵出现。参试的5种药剂在蔷薇黄卷蛾幼虫时期使用防效均较高,以22%阿立卡(12.6%噻虫嗪+9.4%高效氟氯氰菊酯)微囊悬浮剂3 000倍液效果最佳。     

邢台县苹果园水肥投入现状及产量差分析

以邢台县"红富士"苹果园为研究对象,通过对当地果园的养分投入类型和投入量、灌溉方式和灌溉量以及产量进行调研,评价其水肥投入水平,并基于Boundary line分析法,探索该地区苹果园最高产量下的最佳养分施用量,以期明确邢台县苹果园水肥投入现状及最高产量水平下最佳养分投入量。结果表明:邢台县苹果园无机肥投入量较高,有机肥投入不足,无机肥N、P_2O5、K_2O平均投入量分别为825、460、692kg·hm~(-2),有机肥仅为177、138、100kg·hm~(-2);有机肥施用率较低,仅占调查总数的27.35%,且施用种类繁多,鸡粪、羊粪及商品有机肥三者总计占比达95.61%。灌溉方式以漫灌、沟灌为主,二者合计占比达93.70%,滴灌仅为6.30%;生长季内灌溉次数多为3~4次;与滴灌相比,漫灌和沟灌单次灌水量分别多用140%、100%。Boundary line模型分析显示,邢台县苹果园最高产量水平下N、P_2O5、K_2O投入量分别为616.50、371.90、553.10kg·hm~(-2),对产量的贡献分别为28.00%、17.60%、22.60%。总之,邢台县苹果园养分投入量较高,轻有机重无机,肥料投入种类繁多,漫灌和沟灌为其主要灌溉方式,水资源浪费严重。