中国普通小麦品种醇溶蛋白组成分析

利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)方法,鉴定分析了148份我国重要小麦品种和高代品系的醇溶蛋白组成。在ω-、γ-、β-和α-四个区中,共鉴定出48种不同的组成模式。其中ω-区29种,出现频率最高的模式是A6;γ-区9种,出现频率最高的模式是B;β-和α-区各5种,出现频率最高的模式分别是B和A。148个样品共表现出114种醇溶蛋白组成类型。在所分析的样品中,ω-区的A3、C、H、M和X几种模式是以前国内外未曾报道的。另外还发现,1 B L.RS易位系在中国小麦品种中出现的频率较高,为41.2%,这可能是中国小麦品种品质普遍较差的一个原因。这些研究结果将为小麦育种工作者有效利用小麦种质提供参考。     

南方地区冷浸田土壤线虫的分布特征

为了解南方地区冷浸田土壤线虫分布状况,2011—2012年期间,对湖北、安徽、江西、湖南、福建、浙江、广东和贵州8个省份的冷浸田进行土壤线虫调查。结果表明:在所有省份中,共鉴定出2纲8目24科55属,其中潜根属(Hirschmanniella)和丝尾垫刃属(Filenchus)为优势属,两者占线虫总数的46.36%,丝尾垫刃属、潜根属、头叶属(Cephalobus)、滑刃属(Aphelenchoides)在我国南方8省份的冷浸田均有分布。冷浸田线虫密度为非冷浸田的48.04%,冷浸田线虫密度范围为72~735条/100 g干土。冷浸田土壤线虫数量分布主要受土壤含水量和电导率因素影响,潜根属与含水量显著正相关,与电导率显著负相关。     

土壤悬浮液中溶解和吸附性铁离子对硫化物还原Cr(VI)的催化作用

The kinetics of Cr(Ⅵ) reduction by sulfide in soil suspensions with various pHs, soil compositions, and Fe(Ⅱ) concentrations was examined using batch anaerobic experimental systems at constant temperature. The results showed that the reaction rate of Cr(Ⅵ) reduction was in the order of red soil < yellow-brown soil < chernozem and was proportional to the concentration of HCl-extractable iron in the soils. Dissolved and adsorbed iron in soil suspensions played an important role in accelerating Cr(Ⅵ) reduction. The reaction involved in the Cr(Ⅵ) reduction by Fe(Ⅱ) to produce Fe(Ⅲ), which was reduced to Fe(Ⅱ) again by sulfide, could represent the catalytic pathway until about 70% of the initially present Cr(Ⅵ) was reduced. The catalysis occurred because the one-step reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) by sulfide was slower than the two-step process consisting of rapid Cr(Ⅵ) reduction by Fe(Ⅱ) followed by Fe(Ⅲ) reduction by sulfide. In essence, Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ) species shuttle electrons from sulfide to Cr(Ⅵ), facilitating the reaction. The effect of iron, however, could be completely blocked by adding a strong Fe(Ⅱ)-complexing ligand, 1,10-phenanthroline, to the soil suspensions. In all the experiments, initial sulfide concentration was much higher than initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration. The plots of lnc[Cr(Ⅵ)] versus reaction time were linear up to approximately 70% of Cr(Ⅵ) reduction, suggesting a first-order reaction kinetics with respect to Cr(Ⅵ). Elemental sulfur, the product of sulfide oxidation, was found to accelerate Cr(Ⅵ) reduction at a later stage of the reaction, resulting in deⅥation from linearity for the lnc[Cr(Ⅵ)] versus time plots.     

Methane emissions from different vegetation zones in a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland

We measured methane (CH₄) emissions in the Luanhaizi wetland, a typical alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, during the plant growth season (early July to mid-September) in 2002. Our aim was to quantify the spatial and temporal variation of CH₄ flux and to elucidate key factors in this variation. Static chamber measurements of CH₄ flux were made in four vegetation zones along a gradient of water depth. There were three emergent-plant zones (Hippuris-dominated; Scirpus-dominated; and Carex-dominated) and one submerged-plant zone (Potamogeton-dominated). The smallest CH₄ flux (seasonal mean=33.1 mg CH₄ m⁻² d⁻¹) was observed in the Potamogeton-dominated zone, which occupied about 74% of the total area of the wetland. The greatest CH₄ flux (seasonal mean=214 mg CH₄ m⁻² d⁻¹) was observed in the Hippuris-dominated zone, in the second-deepest water area. CH₄ flux from three zones (excluding the Carex-dominated zone) showed a marked diurnal change and decreased dramatically under dark conditions. Light intensity had a major influence on the temporal variation in CH₄ flux, at least in three of the zones. Methane fluxes from all zones increased during the growing season with increasing aboveground biomass. CH₄ flux from the Scirpus-dominated zone was significantly lower than in the other emergent-plant zones despite the large biomass, because the root and rhizome intake ports for CH₄ transport in the dominant species were distributed in shallower and more oxidative soil than occupied in the other zones. Spatial and temporal variation in CH₄ flux from the alpine wetland was determined by the vegetation zone. Among the dominant species in each zone, there were variations in the density and biomass of shoots, gas-transport system, and root-rhizome architecture. The CH₄ flux from a typical alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was as high as those of other boreal and alpine wetlands.     

棉花缺素的叶色诊断

渝水区位于江西省中部偏西，气候温和（年平均气温16．8～18℃）、日照充足（年平均日照时数1677．4h）、雨量充沛（年平均降雨量1573．6mm）、无霜期长（平均283d），非常适合棉花的生长，是江西省三大棉花主产区之一，常年棉花种植面积7000hm^2左右。棉田土壤主要有黄泥土、黄沙泥土、潮土以及石灰泥土。据土壤测试结果，渝水区棉田土壤有机质含量2％～3％、速效磷（P2O5）含量10～20mg／kg、速效钾（K2O）含量100mg／kg左右、有效硼含量0．18～0．55mg／kg。可见棉田土壤磷、钾养分较缺乏，尤以缺硼严重；     

旱后复水条件下转基因甘薯体内脯氨酸含量变化及其抗氧化作用

以转铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu/Zn SOD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）基因甘薯（TS）及未转基因甘薯（NT）为实验材料,研究在旱后复水条件下转基因甘薯及未转基因甘薯抗氧化酶活性变化以及体内Pro含量的变化与抗氧化的关系。结果显示,连续36 h胁迫条件下,TS和NT的SOD活性都先降低后升高,但TS的SOD活性始终高于NT。复水后二者SOD活性都下降。持续胁迫时,TS的APX活性先升高后降低,NT与之相反,复水后TS和NT的APX活性都是先升高后降低,复水12 h,TS的APX活性是NT1.5倍.正常条件下和水分胁迫12 h、36 h,复水12、24 h、转基因甘薯体内Pro含量显著高于未转基因甘薯。水分胁迫条件下TS的膜质受伤害程度要轻于NT。实验结果表明,同时转入SOD、APX抗氧化基因后,在胁迫条件下,转基因甘薯可以更好的对植株体进行保护,及复水条件下转基因甘薯可以更好进行修复,抗氧化系统可以影响脯氨酸的积累。     

广西岩溶山区番荔枝栽培技术

通过调查研究,总结广西石灰岩山区番荔枝栽培的成功经验,借鉴区外番荔枝栽培经营及研究的最新成果,结合广西岩溶山区的特点,从番荔枝的生物学特性与适生环境、实生苗培育、嫁接苗培育、整地造林、合理施肥、除草抚育与生草栽培、整形修剪、人工授粉与保花保果、病虫害防治及果实采收等方面介绍番荔枝在广西岩溶山区的栽培经营技术。     

苏云金杆菌防治杨扇舟蛾试验初报

杨扇舟蛾是近年危害洞庭湖区杨树主要的食叶害虫之一,一年发生6～7代.本文采用生物药剂"林得保"(主要成分苏云金杆菌)粉剂防治杨扇舟蛾.试验表明:"林得保"粉剂在施药3 d后,开始显现明显的药理效果,最终防治率达到了95%以上,是一种在杨树食叶害虫防治上值得推广的无公害生物药剂.其喷粉浓度以药剂:填充剂=1:20的效果最...     

大熊猫生态旅游对大熊猫及其栖息地的影响及对策分析

大熊猫生态旅游是一种独特的生态旅游方式,近年来发展迅速。本文结合生态旅游的知识阐述了大熊猫生态旅游的定义、特点以及开发现状,分析了大熊猫生态旅游对大熊猫及其栖息地产生的不良影响,并提出了科学开发大熊猫生态旅游的相关对策和建议。     

永定区公益林保护建设现状与对策

分析了永定区自2005年启动森林生态效益补偿项目以来的建设保护及管理的现状,找出了工作中存在的不足,并就如何抓好公益林保护建设的对策进行了初步探讨,为促进永定区林业生态建设的可持续发展提供参考.