泵站技术改造可行性研究

本文提出泵站技术改造可行的判断指标含效率、流量和投资等诸因素,并应用系统工程的原理和方法,建立数学模型,通过电算寻求目标函数的最优值。为目前面广量大的中小型泵站技术改造的可行与否,提供科学的判断依据。     

大麦幼苗叶片脯氨酸代谢及其与耐盐性的关系

在 0～ 30 0mmol·L-1NaCl浓度范围内 ,大麦叶片内催化脯氨酸 (Pro)合成的关键酶吡咯啉 5 羧酸合成酶 (P5CS)、精氨酸酶、鸟氨酸转氨酶 (OAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶 (GDH)的活性均明显提高 ,脯氨酸脱氢酶 (ProDH)活性略有下降 ,与之相对应 ,叶片内Pro含量上升 4～ 11倍。 2 0 0mmol·L-1NaCl以下浓度处理 ,Pro合成主要是通过谷氨酸 (Glu)途径(关键酶为P5CS) ,2 0 0mmol·L-1以上NaCl胁迫下鸟氨酸 (Orn)途径 (关键酶为OAT)受激。ΔGR/ΔNaCl (每提高单位NaCl浓度时植株生长速率的下降值 )可以代表植物的耐盐性 ,植物耐盐性越强该比值越小。统计表明 ,大麦ΔGR/ΔNaCl与叶片ΔPro/(Arg +Glu)·Δ1/NaCl (每提高单位NaCl浓度时叶片内Pro/(Arg +Glu)的上升值 )呈极显著负相关关系 ,与一定浓度NaCl处理下叶片K+ /Na+ 呈极显著负相关关系 ,说明盐处理后Arg和Glu向Pro的转化有利于大麦耐盐性的提高。在 10 0mmol·L-1NaCl处理时 ,ΔGR/ΔNaCl值与Pro对植株渗透势的贡献呈显著负相关 ,说明盐胁迫下Pro积累具有渗透保护剂的功能。     

Multi-model comparison on the effects of climate change on tree species in the eastern U.S.: results from an enhanced niche model and process-based ecosystem and landscape models

Context

Species distribution models (SDM) establish statistical relationships between the current distribution of species and key attributes whereas process-based models simulate ecosystem and tree species dynamics based on representations of physical and biological processes. TreeAtlas, which uses DISTRIB SDM, and Linkages and LANDIS PRO, process-based ecosystem and landscape models, respectively, were used concurrently on four regional climate change assessments in the eastern Unites States.

Objectives

We compared predictions for 30 species from TreeAtlas, Linkages, and LANDIS PRO, using two climate change scenarios on four regions, to derive a more robust assessment of species change in response to climate change.

Methods

We calculated the ratio of future importance or biomass to current for each species, then compared agreement among models by species, region, and climate scenario using change classes, an ordinal agreement score, spearman rank correlations, and model averaged change ratios.

Results

Comparisons indicated high agreement for many species, especially northern species modeled to lose habitat. TreeAtlas and Linkages agreed the most but each also agreed with many species outputs from LANDIS PRO, particularly when succession within LANDIS PRO was simulated to 2300. A geographic analysis showed that a simple difference (in latitude degrees) of the weighted mean center of a species distribution versus the geographic center of the region of interest provides an initial estimate for the species’ potential to gain, lose, or remain stable under climate change.

Conclusions

This analysis of multiple models provides a useful approach to compare among disparate models and a more consistent interpretation of the future for use in vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning.

     

Heat stress-induced mucosal barrier dysfunction is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in pigs

Heat stress(HS)can be detrimental to the gut health of swine.Many negative outcomes induced by HS are increasingly recognized as including modulation of intestinal microbiota.In turn,the intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem playing a critical role in mediating the host stress response.Therefore,we aimed to characterize gut microbiota of pigs’exposure to short-term HS,to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and HS-related changes,including serum cytokines,oxidation status,and intestinal epithelial barrier function.Our findings showed that HS led to intestinal morphological and integrity changes(villus height,serum diamine oxidase[DAO],serum D-lactate and the relative expressions of tight junction proteins),reduction of serum cytokines(interleukin[IL]-8,IL-12,interferongamma[IFN-g]),and antioxidant activity(higher glutathione[GSH]and malondialdehyde[MDA]content,and lower superoxide dismutase[SOD]).Also,16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that although there was no difference in microbial a-diversity,some HS-associated composition differences were revealed in the ileum and cecum,which partly led to an imbalance in the production of short-chain fatty acids including propionate acid and valerate acid.Relevance networks revealed that HS-derived changes in bacterial genera and microbial metabolites,such as Chlamydia,Lactobacillus,Succinivibrio,Bifidobacterium,Lachnoclostridium,and propionic acid,were correlated with oxidative stress,intestinal barrier dysfunction,and inflammation in pigs.Collectively,our observations suggest that intestinal damage induced by HS is probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis,though the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.     

基于ASP的植物光合色素计算程式的实现

利用网络编程ASP技术,综合编写了当前植物光合色素分析的多种计算程式,基本包括了业界所用到的各种参数;各类程式采用模块化设计,易于使用,方便维护;既有利于科研工作者快速得到计算结果,又为新的程式、参数的提出留了扩展空间。     

烯效唑与稀土复配剂对黄瓜生长发育和产量的影响

在初花期喷施不同浓度的烯效唑和农用稀土复配剂,初步研究了复配剂对黄瓜生长发育和产量的影响,结果表明:复配剂可降低株高,延缓衰老;使结瓜期叶片中比叶重和叶绿素含量增加,光合速率增强;对黄瓜产量有显著的增产作用,以复配剂A3B2进行处理的效果最佳,增产幅度高达27.04%;促进增产的主要原因是提高了单瓜重,其次是单株结瓜数。     

肉仔鸡肌肉色泽与品质相关性研究

研究42日龄不同性别Arber Acres肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌的色泽与品质间的相关性,结果表明:1)肌肉色泽与品质间相关性存在性别和部位间的差异。2)亮度(L*)和黄度(b*)与滴水损失率、水浴损失率和粗脂肪含量间为正相关,与其他指标间为负相关;红度(a*)与这些指标间的相关性相反。3)L*与滴水损失率、pH、嫩度和粗脂肪含量间为显著或极显著水平(P<0.05或P<0.01)。4)a*与除胸肌滴水损失率和水浴损失率外的其他各指标间相关性均为显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。5)b*与系水率和嫩度间的相关性较高,与其他各指标间较低。试验结果表明,可以选择适宜的色泽指标对不同肌肉品质指标进行评价,其中,亮度可以用于评价滴水损失率、pH、嫩度和粗脂肪含量,红度可以用于评价系水率、pH、嫩度、肌纤维直径和粗蛋白含量。     

青藏高原草地资源发展面临的问题及战略选择

青藏高原草地资源生态功能突出,同时也是这个独特高寒山区发展的重要依托资源.作为一个以牧区半牧区为主的民族区域,青藏高原实现可持续发展有着深远的地缘政治意义,在草地资源发展战略中,既要突出保护,又要在全国一盘棋的视角下加快草业产业化的发展,减轻草地资源的人口压力.