水冬瓜叶的生药学及其近红外快速鉴别技术研究

采用近红外光谱技术对落叶小乔木水冬瓜叶进行生药学鉴别研究,并建立快速真伪定性鉴别模型。采集42批次水冬瓜叶药材近红外原始光谱并对原始光谱进行预处理,运用主成分分析法(PCA)建立水冬瓜叶药材定性鉴别模型。同时分别采用6批次水冬瓜叶药材、水冬瓜根皮药材与水冬瓜树皮药材验证模型。结果表明:水冬瓜叶互生,呈阔心形,先端渐尖;叶表皮细胞体积膨大,附有非腺毛、表面有气孔;粉末中富含方晶,导管为螺纹导管,气孔为平轴式。建立的近红外快速定性鉴别模型可以快速、准确地鉴别出水冬瓜叶药材正品,预测准确率为100%,为水冬瓜叶药材质量评价提供了一种新技术与方法,可为今后水冬瓜叶的鉴定及深入研究提供鉴定依据。     

抗生素对火炬松的器官发生植株再生的影响(英文)

本文研究了氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素等3种抗生素对火炬松愈伤组织的生长和分化及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明,头孢霉素最有利于愈伤组织的诱导和生长,羧苄青霉素最有利于芽的分化,氨苄青霉素降低了不定芽的生根频率。所有试验的3种抗生素提高愈伤组织的形成和芽再生,但降低了芽的生根频率。这些结果表明,选择合适的抗生素对优化火炬松遗传转化体系有重要作用。图3表4参25。     

Hydration behavior and compressive strength of cement mixed with exploded wood fiber strand obtained by the water-vapor explosion process

Poor compatibility was found between exploded wood fiber strand (WFS) and cement due to the excessive presence of water-soluble degraded polysaccharides in extractives of exploded WFS obtained from weathered wood waste treated by the water-vapor explosion process (WVEP). This study presents some comparative results from a continuing investigation on the compressive strengths of exploded WFS–cement mixtures. Based on results previously obtained with the hydration test, the relation between hydration behavior and compressive strength of the mixture was explored. In addition, the effect of the curing age on compressive strength development of the mixture with selected additive chemicals was examined. The results supported the results of early studies with hydration tests indicating that adding MgCl₂ to the mixtures of exploded WFS mixed with quick-curing cement or ordinary Portland cement and a composite of MgCl₂ + CaO added to the mixture of exploded WFS and furnace-slag cement effectively improved the hydration behaviors; it greatly enhanced the compressive strengths of mixtures as well. Compressive strengths were strongly correlated to maximum hydration temperatures (T_max) of wood–cement mixtures influenced by the cement type, wood wastes (treated or not with WVEP), additive chemicals, and their content levels. The results also indicated that adding selected chemicals had no significant effect on compressive strength among the mixtures of exploded WFS mixed, respectively, with three types of cement at a curing age of 180 days. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to identify the hydration products and to probe the element distribution of the mixture in the wood–cement interface zone from a fractured surface.Part of this report was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002     

印楝在我国的引种与经营利用现状

印楝是一种速生和耐旱的多功能树种。从上世纪80年代开始引种，现已在我国进行了大规模的引种栽培并获成功。印楝具有较强的耐旱能力、生长迅速、材质优良、萌发力强、根系发达、易繁殖和生物量高等优良性状，且可用于医药、农药、肥料、饲料、燃料、土壤改良、绿化、建筑材料和化工原料等方面，是当前退耕还林中集生态效益、社会效益和经济效益为一体优良造林树种，具有较大的开发利用前景。     

赤腹松鼠及其危害防治的研究

赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)是一种以植食为主的树栖啮齿动物，广泛分布于亚洲东南部。随着国内人工造林面积的大幅度增加，生态环境的不断改变，赤腹松鼠对人工林的危害日益严重，已成为森林鼠害的主要害鼠之一。本文从生物学、危害、防治3个方面综述了国内外自20世纪80年代以来有关赤腹松鼠研究进展和防治状况。     

现代设计与制造对家具图样的要求

根据现代设计理论，就制图基础、各类家具图样的作用、内容和要求、五金件、家具图符与代号以及标准化设计等方面，对现代家具图样进行了初步分析，并提出了一系列观点和建议。     

柳杉长卷蛾(Homona issikii Yasuda)的重要天敌短角宽扁蚜蝇(Xanthandrus talamaoi(Meigen))

在对四川洪雅林场柳杉长卷蛾危害调查中，发现一种柳杉长卷蛾（Homona issikii Yasuda)的捕食性天敌－短角宽扁蚜蝇（Xanthandrus talamaoi(Meigen)）（食蚜蝇科Syrphidae)。该蝇在幼虫阶段取食卷蛾幼虫，捕食量日均约0.56-0.65头，蝇虫比例随害虫虫口密度增加，在林间诸种天敌中居优势地位，对抑制柳杉长卷蛾的危害具有重要作用。     

林木种苗质量检测的现状与对策

种苗检测是评定林木种苗质量的重要手段 ,根据《种子法》及新标准对种苗检测的要求 ,在分析种苗检测现状与存在问题的基础上 ,提出种苗检测的调整思路     

历山自然保护区水獭生态的研究

1999年-2000年，在山西省历山国家级自然保护区，对水獭（Lutra lutra)进行了野外调查研究，知本区大河、马家河、龛河等地分布有该兽。对其栖息地、繁殖生物学、生活习性、食物组成及其保护措施进行了研究。     

浅议木质室内装修材料与环境污染

根据当前人们对室内装修材料的要求，本文对木材，人造板这两大类木质装修材料的优，缺点进行了论述，并针对其造成的环境污染提出了相应的改进措施，这对人们在室内装饰，装修过程中进行合理选材，避免对环境造成污染有着十分重要的意义。