以生境保护优先的北京市第二道绿化隔离地区郊野公园选址方法

[目的]在中国快速城镇化背景下,北京市边缘地区的生态环境不断恶化,绿化隔离带成为控制北京市建成区无序扩张、改善城市生态环境的手段,在绿化隔离带范围内建设郊野公园是落实规划的有效途径.郊野公园的核心目标是在生态保育的同时提供少量的游憩活动,因此对于绿化隔离带范围内生境质量高的区域进行保护应作为郊野公园选址的基础原则.[方...     

Effect of Chilling Stress on Synthesis of Antioxidant Enzymes,Osmotic Adjustment Substances and Membrane Lipid Peroxide Levels in Two White Clover Cultivars

Although white clover has been widely studied and applied, less is known about its physiological responses to chilling stress in northern China. The effects of acclimation time of chilling stress in the two white clover cultivars, Rivendel and Haifa, after exposure to 4℃ for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h were investigated. Seven physiological indexes were measured in shoots of the two cultivars. It was found that Rivendel had a strong ability to maintain the stability of cells, cope with oxidative damage and accumulate osmotic adjustment substances compared with Haifa. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation on the chilling tolerance of the two cultivars based on subordinate function value analysis showed a stronger chilling tolerance of Rivendel than Haifa.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Lipoxygenase Gene cDNA from Cucumber Fruit （Cucumis sativus L.）

Lipoxygenases are nonheme-iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyze the hydroperoxidation of unsatrated fatty acids containing a cis, cis-1,4-pentadiene structure producing hydroperoxy acids with conjugated dienes. LOX activity has been found in a wide range of plants. Typical substrates for LOX in plants are linoleic acid and linilenic acid fatty acids. The function of various LOXs in plants is unknown, but their participation in all stages of plant growth and development has been suggested （Hildebrand, 1989; Siedow, 1991）. Some of the physiological processes in whicn lipoxygenses have been implicated include wounding （Saravitz and Siedow, 1996）, pathogen attack （Melan et al., 1993）, seed germination （Kato et al., 1992）, fruit ripening （Ferrie et al., 1994）, plant senescence （Paliyath and Droillard, 1992）. The study on the role of lipoxygenase in ripening and senescence fruit focused on tomato and strawberry. Cloning LOX gene of cucumber fruit will make us further understand the molecularaction mode of this enzyme during fxuit ripening and senescence. In this paper we isolated the partial nucleotide sequences of cucumber fiuit lipoxygenase gene and discuss the characterization of it.     

分子标记辅助选育小麦抗白粉病、优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基聚合体

现代小麦育种的目标是选育丰产、综合抗逆性好的优质小麦新品种,将分子标记技术与传统育种方法相结合可以大大提高育种效率.本研究利用与小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21紧密连锁的共显性PCR标记、以及优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基1Dx5 1Dy10特异的PCR标记对以小麦品种安农94212、安农92484为优质亲本和以抗白粉病小麦簇毛麦易位系为抗病亲本的杂交高代材料进行标记位点的检测,结合田间抗病性鉴定结果,筛选、培育出聚合有Pm21和1Dx5 1Dy10的抗白粉病小麦聚合体,为小麦抗病、优质育种提供了具有重要利用价值的中间材料.     

大花蕙兰幼苗叶片诱导类原球茎

以大花蕙兰无菌幼苗叶片为外植体,成功诱导类原球茎(PLB).叶片部位是影响诱导的关键,只有叶片基部片段能成功诱导出PLB.不同激素配比以及外植体来源对PLB诱导有重要的影响.低浓度的2,4-D和较高浓度的6-BA对于拟球茎诱导PLB具有显著的促进作用.当2,4-D浓度高于0.6 mg/L时,PLB诱导受到显著抑制.较高的2,4-D水平可能有利于PLB诱导初始阶段,但不利于PLB诱导中后期的进一步发育.不同基因型有不同的最佳激素组合.添加0.2 mg/L的NAA对大花蕙兰PLB诱导没有显著影响,但在有的基因型中对PLB诱导有促进作用.以叶片基部片段诱导大花蕙兰PLB是可行的,为转基因研究提供了再生技术基础.     

抗草甘膦棉花研究进展

抗草甘膦棉花最早于1997在美国释放,它是通过将编码抗草甘膦酶5-烯醇式丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶基因导入珂字棉312而获得的抗性株.抗草甘膦棉花在美国的种植面积占棉花总种植面积从1997年的3.2%到增加到2005年的60%左右.在这近十年内,抗草甘膦棉花虽然得到了广泛的种植,但也存在着不少问题,其中最为突出的是草甘膦的施用方法和时期的不正确操作对抗草甘膦棉花的根系生长、育性和产量都产生了负面影响.这主要是因为:1、外界因素,包括草甘膦施用方法在内的其他栽培措施和不利的环境条件,如高温,对抗草甘膦棉花的产量及生长的影响;2、内部因素,抗草甘膦棉花不同器官对草甘膦的吸收量及抗草甘膦基因的表达量差异有关.因此,本文从抗草甘膦棉花对草甘膦的吸收分配、草甘膦的施用量和时期对抗草甘膦棉花根系生长、花药开裂及产量等方面综述了这些年来抗草甘膦棉花在应用过程中的问题,并且对今后抗草甘膦棉花育种方面作了展望.     

棉花SSR多重PCR技术的初步研究和利用

简单重复序列(simple sequences repeat,SSR)具有数量丰富、高度多态、共显性等优点,是一种极具实用价值的标记,目前已成为研究种质资源遗传多样性、基因组作图的首选标记.SSR多重PCR扩增法可同时完成多个标记检测,具有高效、经济、快捷的特点,并保持了单一SSR引物扩增的高度敏感性和准确性.本文选取6对SSR引物,配成三组SSR两重PCR反应,并设置五种不同反应体系以探索PCR反应体系对其影响,以单一引物PCR扩增为对照,对用于构建亚洲棉(Gossypium arboreum)遗传图谱所用的亲本、F1及F2群体单株的DNA模板进行多重PCR探索、分析;另外,在扩增产物的电泳检测时,结合银染技术,试验了单一引物PCR扩增产物在同一泳道同时上样和先后分时上样的两重检测的方法,以期对这种方法进行多态性位点检测的效果进行评价.结果表明,即使采用与单一引物PCR相同的反应体系,两重PCR扩增也可获得与之相同的多态性产物;而两重检测法的结果亦显示出与相应的单引物检测到的相应的多态性位点,能准确反映单引物所能达到的检测效果,因而为SSR的多重PCR和扩增后多重检测的技术在高效的遗传图谱构建工作中进一步应用提供实验依据.     

一种适于SSR-PCR的棉花基因组DNA提取法

本文是一种适合于棉花这样高含酚类植物进行DNA提取的方法,提取程序中增加了DIECA、PVP40等对棉花酚类物质氧化有抑制作用的试剂,简化并改进了本实验室常用的棉花总DNA提取方法的步骤,使棉花总DNA能够快速高质量提取,避免了以往的棉花总DNA提取过程中棉酚的氧化对DNA提取质量的影响,提取的DNA能很好地进行SSR-PCR分析.本法提取的棉花总DNA呈乳白、疏松的丝状、干后为透明状,能很好的溶解在TE或ddH2O中.用本方法提取的棉花总DNA作为模板用JESPR系列SSR标记对其进行SSR-PCR扩增,可以扩增出清晰的条带.     

毛细管电泳荧光检测中的异常电泳类型及原因分析

采用毛细管电泳荧光检测技术进行玉米SSR标记的片段分析.利用峰型、峰面积和其它荧光干扰峰等方面的特征对特异峰和非特异峰进行甄别.分析了特异峰的具体表现类型及原因:包括N 1峰、稀有峰、连续多峰、三峰和高低峰等.探讨了片段扩增产物大小与异常峰型的关系.为保证玉米品种DNA指纹库构建的标准化,提出了数据统计规范化的解决方案.     

High-Quality de novo Genome Assembly of Huajingxian 74, a Receptor Parent of Single Segment Substitution Lines

Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is grown nearly worldwide and provides the staple food for more than half of the global population(Luo et al,2017).The genomes of several cultivated rice varieties including Nipponbare(NPB)(Kawahara et al,2013;Sakai et al,2013),IR64(Tanaka et al,2020),93-11(Zhang et al,2018)and R498(Du et al,2017)at chromosome level,and Minghui 63 and Zhenshan 97(Zhang et al,2016)at scaffold level have been assembled,annotated and released,among which the R498 and NPB genomes are widely used as reference genomes in rice research.However,there are thousands of rice cultivars,landraces and wild rice varieties in the world with dramatically different genetic backgrounds,and the genomes of native rice varieties in South China,which is one of the major rice production areas in China,have not been de novo assembled.Huajingxian 74(HJX74)is an indica rice variety bred in South China Agricultural University,Guangdong Province with widely environmental adaptability and high yield(www.ricedata.cn/variety/varis/602548.htm).HJX74 exhibits significant phenotypic and genetic differences from those varieties whose whole genomes have been properly sequenced and assembled(Fig.1).