林区道路开发伸长效率的研究

林区道路开发伸长效率的研究旨在解决林道的优化设计问题。本文就林业发达国家对林道开发伸长效率的研究进行分析比较,介绍了林道开发伸长效率的概念和几个公式的推导;选取了我国东北小兴安岭林区25条林道,并对其褶曲系数K_1、山坡平均坡度I_m、河床坡度系数K_2等影响林道开发伸长效率的因子进行了调查分析,提出了甲类地区不同等级林道开发伸长效率的推荐值,该值可用于林道设计的优化评价。     

开放式实验教学的必要性、问题及对策

开放式实验教学模式是培养大学生创新思维、创新能力、创新精神的一种全新实验教学模式,是当前培养创新型人才的重要手段。阐述了实施开放式实验教学的必要性,提出了开放式实验教学在管理制度、教学内容、硬件保障、管理平台、师资队伍、激励机制等方面的实施举措。     

冬枣贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

从冬枣贮藏保鲜的方法和影响其贮藏保鲜的因素等方面,对冬枣贮藏保鲜技术研究现状进行了较为详细的论述。总体来看,冬枣贮藏保鲜的物理贮藏方法包括低温贮藏、气调贮藏和减压贮藏,化学方法中包括一些化学杀菌剂、保鲜剂和激素处理,考虑到化学药剂的残留对人体的影响,近几年来,科研人员逐步探索开发冬枣采后生物防治领域,并取得了一定的成绩;同时,也论述了影响冬枣保鲜效果的主要因素有冬枣自身因素、农业技术措施和环境条件等,并对当前研究工作存在的问题及今后的研究重点进行了讨论。     

The association of genes for purple coleoptile with chromosomes of the wheat variety Mironovskaya 808

Summary The association of genes for purple pigment in the coleoptile with the chromosomes of the winter wheat variety Mironovskaya 808 was investigated using monosomic F₂ analysis. The segregation ratio for F₂ hybrids of Chinese Spring monosomics x Mironovskya 808 seems to indicate that the purple colour of the coleoptile is determined by two dominant genes, Rc₃ and Rc₄, which are located on the chromosomes 7D and 6B respectively, and which reinforce each other. Apart from these two genes, suppressors found on the chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B and 6A also play a role in the intensity of the purple colour.With the aid of a Chinese Spring telocentric chromosome marker it was observed that the Rc₃ gene is located on the chromosome arm 7DS, at a distance of 16±4.23 crossover units from the centromere.     

The nature of Solanum × chaucha Juz. et Buk., a triploid cultivated potato of the South American Andes

Summary The variation in Solanum × chaucha Juz. et Buk. (2n=3x=36) was studied using 114 accessions from the Potato Collection maintained by the International Potato Center. These accession represented less than 5% of the collection originally screened for ploidy. Twenty morphological characters of the tubers, inflorescences and leaves were scored. The accessions were grouped into 20 morphotypes on the basis of the tuber characters. Two-qualitative characters, red-anther tip and sky-blue flowers were diagnostic of 4 morphotypes, but the variation of the quantitative characters overlapped among morphotypes, and were of limited value. Electrophoretic separation of tuber proteins in 7.5% polyacrylamide gels generally confirmed the morphotype groupings. It is concluded that each of the morphotypes represents a single genotype, and these are named according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. The variation within S. × chaucha apparently has been restricted by its hybrid origin.     

Genetical relationships between reactions to bacterial leaf spot,yellow mosaic and Cercospora leaf spot diseases in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

Summary Studies on the inheritance pattern of bacterial leaf spot (BLS), yellow mosaic (YM) and Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) reactions in crosses of BLS and YM resistant/tolerant but CLS susceptible × CLS resistant but BLS and YM susceptible parents indicated that resistances to BLS and CLS were governed by single dominant genes, whereas YM tolerance was a monogenic recessive character. The studies also indicated that these three genes were inherited independently. The simple inheritance pattern and independent assortment of the genes governing resistance/tolerance to these diseases suggest that the usual breeding methods will be adequate to develop multi-disease resistant mungbean cultivars.Paper XII in the series Studies on resistance in crops to bacterial diseases in India.     

Genetic interpretations of the effects of bulk breeding on four populations of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Summary The effects of bulk breeding on yield and its components in two high-yeilding and two low-yielding bean populations when grown at crop densities are interpreted in terms of gene action and selection. There was considerable additive variation in the crosses, dominance effects were variable but tended to be negative. The results were compared with results obtained at low density by another worker with the same populations, and this showed that interpretations of gene action in hybrid vigour depend on the test environment used. The interpretations were also compared with plant breeding interpretations made on the same material (Hamblin, 1977), and it was found that a single pattern of response to natural selection, in plant breeding terms, may be explained by more than one genetic interpretation and, conversely, a single genetic interpretation may result in different patterns of response in plant breeding terms. The value of composite crosses in plant breeding are discussed and it is concluded that there is a greater chance of producing improved lines from a large number of simple crosses than from a smaller number of composite crosses.     

Effects of photoperiod and temperature on flowering in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

Summary Forty strains of mungbeans, including all of the entries in the 1st and 2nd International Mungbean Nurseries (IMN), were grown in plant growth chambers in photoperiods of 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 hours and mean temperatures of 18, 23, and 28°C. Results show that (1) mungbean strains differ in their flowering response to photoperiod and to mean temperature; (2) increasing the photoperiod of reducing the mean temperature delayed flowering, the amount of delay varied with the strain: (3) variations in mean temperature may alter the effect of the photoperiod on flowering in particular strains. Twenty-five strains which flowered in all photoperiod-temperature treatments could be divided into four groups, each group being successively later in flowering. The remaining 15 strains could be divided into four groups, according to their failure to flower within 105 days in specific photoperiod-temperature treatments. Flowering response in the growth chamber is useful in explaining flowering response in the 2nd IMN at three locations varying from 14°N to 49°N latitude.Contribution No 7516 from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station.