半胱胺促进奶山羊乳腺发育的试验研究

为了研究半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育的影响,选6只空怀奶山羊进行自身前后对照试验和8只妊娠奶山羊进行同胎次配对试验。结果表明,空怀奶山羊对照期乳腺的腺泡很少发育,几乎看不到乳导管,试验期乳腺有明显导管生长和少量腺泡发育;妊娠奶山羊对照组乳腺随着妊娠的进行有少量腺泡发育,腺导管有明显的生长,试验组乳腺有大量的腺泡发育,腺导管生长更明显,且有分泌物出现,血浆中与乳腺发育相关的激素水平明显升高。     

动物贮藏红松种子的萌发活力

松鼠和星鸦会选择具有萌发活力的红松种子贮藏在地被物下,在红松球果内种子只有73.2%可食用的情况下,松鼠和星鸦选择贮藏的红松种子100%饱满可食用,其贮藏行为有利于红松种子逃避其他动物的捕食.萌发实验表明,松鼠和星鸦贮点内的红松种子超过60%可萌发出红松幼苗,远远高于自然状态下红松种子的萌发率(41.7%).     

贵州省鸡淋巴性白血病J亚型血清学调查研究

为了解和掌握鸡淋巴白血病J亚型(ALV -J)在贵州的发生和流行的基本情况,在7个主要养殖地区的35个养鸡生产场共采集1 205份血清样本,采用ALV -J诊断试剂盒进行了ALV -J的ELISA血清学抗体检测.检测及相关流行病学调查结果表明:ALV -J亚群的平均阳性感染率为13.776％,其中肉鸡为20.050％,...     

Impacts of a freedom farrowing pen design on sow behaviours and performance

The limited space in farrowing crate imposes many challenges, such as prolonged farrowing duration and high piglet stillbirth rate. Although the features of farrowing pens compensate for the drawbacks of farrowing crates, they are associated with high piglet crushing mortality caused by the greater space afforded to sows and their rolling-over behaviour. Therefore, a freedom farrowing pen was designed to overcome the drawbacks of both farrowing crates and farrowing pens. The main features of the freedom farrowing pen are its left anti-crushing bar and detachable right anti-crushing bar on the sides of the sow lying area. It also has a 10 cm-high anti-crushing bar in the non-lying area. Eighteen healthy, multiparous Yorkshire sows (3-7 parity) were averaged and randomly assigned to farrowing crates, farrowing pens, and freedom farrowing pens to compare the effects of the farrowing systems on sow behaviour and performance. Results showed that the farrowing duration and the mean piglet birth intervals were longer for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the sows in farrowing pens and those in freedom farrowing pens (P>0.05). The piglet stillbirth rate was higher for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.001). Crushing mortality was higher among piglets in farrowing pens (P<0.001), but there was no difference between piglets in freedom farrowing pens and those in farrowing crates (P>0.05). The freedom farrowing pen and the farrowing pen allowed sows to turn around and move freely, but because of the different structures of their anti-crushing bars, the increase in sow movement did not cause higher piglet crushing mortality (P>0.05). Sows in freedom farrowing pens were found to be more protective of their piglets.     

The 16MΔvjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection

Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.     

禽产品的包装技术

随着养禽生产的发展，对禽产品加工要求越来越高，将出现多种多样的禽产品。社会需求高质量的禽产品将刺激生产企业采取新颖的包装技术、保鲜技术延长货架寿命，保证其感观性质和营养价值以及食用安全性。下面主要介绍新颖的蛋品包装技术及运输中需注意的问题，俄罗斯禽肉、禽蛋食品标签要求以及美国对进口禽肉包装标签的要求。供广大读者参考。[编者按]     

雏鸡运输的注意事项

目前,我国主要采用以下五种方法进行羽毛粉的加工生产。一高温高压水解法水解羽毛粉主要依靠水解过程中时间、压力、温度的控制。其加工过程为：收集羽毛,除尘清洗后,装入水解罐中,     

单一或复合植物精油添加对麻黄肉鸡生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加植物精油对麻黄肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响。选取360只1日龄健康、体重均一的雌性麻黄肉鸡,随机分为3个组,分别为对照组、单一植物精油组（EO1组）和复合植物精油组（EO2组）,每组8个重复,每个重复15只鸡。试验期分为3个生长阶段,分别为1～21日龄、22～42日龄和43～65日龄,共计65 d。对照组饲喂基础饲粮;EO1组在1～21日龄时饲喂基础饲粮+300 mg/kg植物精油1（主要成分为肉桂醛）,在22～65日龄时饲喂基础饲粮+400 mg/kg植物精油1; EO2组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg植物精油2（主要成分为肉桂醛、香芹酚和百里香酚）。结果表明：与对照组相比,各试验组肉鸡各阶段平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异（P>0.05）;21日龄时,EO2组肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力显著高于对照组和EO1组（P<0.05）;65日龄时,EO2组肉鸡血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;65日龄时,EO2组肉鸡胸肌红度值显著低于对照组和EO1组（P<0.05）。综上所述,饲粮添加复合植物精...     

卡死克对草地天敌昆虫通缘步甲的影响

试验研究了卡死克对通缘步甲成虫的急性致死毒性及田间撒施卡死克毒饵后对其种群数量消长的影响。室内口腔灌喂250ppm浓度的卡死克药液2μl／头后的第1～15天，灌药组与灌清水组的存活率均在70～90％，统计结果无显著差异，说明药剂对该步甲元急性致死毒性。在毒饵撒施后的7～17天，采用陷阱诱捕法调查对通缘步甲田间种群数量的影响，结果表明：处理区与对照区的日均诱捕数量为28．3和28．5头，两区间的差异并不显著。卡死克既不杀伤草地上游猎捕食的通缘步甲又能有效控制蝗虫种群数量的增长，使其能够发挥控制害虫的作用。通缘步甲发生数量大，与蝗虫种群消长有跟随现象，是一种值得研究保护利用的优势天敌种类。     

牛超数排卵技术的研究

用ＦＳＨ＋ＰＧＦ１。超排处理７２头次供体牛,采卵３６１枚,可用胚２３５枚,黄牛胚胎可用率高于奶牛、肉牛,育成牛胚胎可用用率高于经产牛,秋冬季超排效果明显好于春季。