水稻分插机构推秧装置动力学分析与试验

由于推秧装置使分插机构的动力学分析复杂化,所以传统的分析方法是把栽植机构简化为曲柄摇杆机构。作者在研究分插机构的动力学状态时,运用基本动力学原理,重点分析了推秧装置的工作过程,建立了分插机构的动力学模型,并在试验台上进行了试验研究。最后利用模型对改进方案进行了优化计算。理论和试验结果表明,推秧装置在工作过程中形成的力学效果不能忽略。通过动力学分析找到了提高单位时间播次的方法。     

坡耕地退耕还林后的植被恢复

生态公益林建设是坡耕地恢复森林植被最重要的模式 ,但对退耕还林后的植被恢复特点和规律的研究却很少报道。本文选择在四川省退耕还林工程中普遍发展的桤木生态公益林为研究对象 ,对其植被恢复特点和规律进行了探讨。1　试验地概况选择坡耕地退耕还林后形成的桤木 (Alnuscremastogyne)生态林和弃耕 1年形成的杂草群落为研究对象。试验地位于四川西缘山地区的天全县境内 ,东经 10 2°4 5′ ,北纬 30°0 3′ ,海拔 80 0m ,坡度 2 6° ,坡向西北 ,坡位中部 ,母质为砂岩风化物 ,土壤类型为紫色土 ,属亚热带季风湿润气候区 ,年平均降雨量 1735 …     

徐州石灰岩山地不同植被恢复模式对土壤健康的影响

在对徐州石灰岩山地不同植被恢复类型土壤理化性质研究的基础上,综合分析了不同植被恢复类型对土壤健康影响,结果表明：石灰岩山地不同植被恢复模式土壤健康存在明显差异。其中：针阔混交林中土壤物理性质较好,说明混交林在一定程度上改善了土壤物理性质;土壤有机质和各养分含量上层明显高于下层,且各养分含量均以针阔混交林最高,进一步说明混交林在一定程度上改善了土壤化学性质。应用主成分分析方法对3种植被类型林分土壤健康状况综合评价指标主成分得分,针叶林为-8.309,针阔混交林为6.876,阔叶林为1.433。各类型林分土壤健康状况排序为：针阔混交林〉阔叶林〉针叶林,表明针阔混交林能够改善土壤健康状况。建议在徐州石灰岩山地上应以针阔混交林为主要恢复模式,从而提高该地区土壤的健康水平。     

Separating the effects of habitat amount and fragmentation on invertebrate abundance using a multi-scale framework

Context

Herbicide treatments in viticulture can generate highly contrasting mosaics of vegetated and bare vineyards, of which vegetated fields often provide better conditions for biodiversity. In southern Switzerland, where herbicides are applied at large scales, vegetated vineyards are limited in extent and isolated from one another, potentially limiting the distribution and dispersal ability of organisms.

Objectives

We tested the separate and interactive effects of habitat amount and fragmentation on invertebrate abundance using a multi-scale framework, along with additional environmental factors. We identified which variables at which scales were most important in predicting patterns of invertebrate abundance.

Methods

We used a factorial design to sample across a gradient of habitat amount (area of vegetated vineyards, measured as percentage of landscape PLAND) and fragmentation (number of vegetated patches, measured as patch density PD). Using 10 different spatial scales, we identified the factors and scales that most strongly predicted invertebrate abundance and tested potential interactions between habitat amount and fragmentation.

Results

Habitat amount (PLAND index) was most important in predicting invertebrate numbers at a field scale (50 m radius). In contrast, we found a negative effect of fragmentation (PD) at a broad scale of 450 m radius, but no interactive effect between the two.

Conclusions

The spatial scales at which habitat amount and fragmentation affect invertebrates differ, underpinning the importance of spatially explicit study designs in disentangling the effects between habitat amount and configuration. We showed that the amount of vegetated vineyards has more influence on invertebrate abundance, but that fragmentation also contributed substantially. This suggests that efforts for augmenting the area of vegetated vineyards is more beneficial for invertebrate numbers than attempts to connect them.

     

Efficacy of Soya Lecithin Powder Combined with Conventional Therapy on Chronic Hepatitis B

[Objectives]To probe into the treatment effects of soya lecithin powder combined with conventional therapy on chronic hepatitis B.[Methods]A total of 120 patien...     

棉花叶枝数与种植密度对单株结铃数的影响

为了探明棉花叶枝数和密度对单株结铃的影响规律,试验设置5种留叶枝方式：不留叶枝（CK）、留1叶枝、留2叶枝、留3叶枝、留全部叶枝;5个种植密度（万株·hm^－2）：2.25,3.00,3.75,4.50,5.25。研究结果表明：在同一密度条件下,随叶枝的增多,单株铃数增加;留1叶枝单株铃数较对照增加10%左右,留2、3叶枝单株铃数较对照增加15%左右,保留全部叶枝较对照增加25%左右。在同一叶枝处理下,随密度的增加,单株铃数减少;密度每增加7500株·hm^－2,5种留叶枝方式的单株结铃分别减少2.60个、3.04个、3.06个、3.44个和3.71个。总铃数随叶枝和密度的增加而增加,当总成铃为88.24万个·hm^－2时产量最高。     

粮食污染物残留免疫分析技术研究与示范

随着人们对粮食安全问题的重视,政府部门不断加强对粮食安全的监测工作。针对粮食生产、加工、储运过程中的化学污染物安全性问题,研究粮食污染物快速监测技术,研究污染物免疫分析方法通过利用抗原、抗体的特异性反应来检测农药含量,设计并筛选吡虫啉、多溴联苯醚、功夫菊酯、氰戊菊酯4种半抗原,制备相关高特异性的抗体,分析吡虫啉、多溴联苯醚、功夫菊酯与气相色谱法(GC)相比,稻谷、大米、玉米样品通过相关性分析均高度相关,操作简便、快速。     

寒地玉米多级顺流干燥工艺参数优化

为解决目前北方寒地玉米干燥加工中存在的干燥效率低、设备能耗大和干制品品质差等问题,利用自行设计的多级顺流式谷物干燥试验台,对北方寒地玉米多级顺流干燥特性和干燥加工工艺参数进行了研究。通过二次通用旋转组合试验设计方法,探讨热风温度、热风风速、干燥时间对设备单位能耗和干后玉米品质的影响,建立了相应的数学模型。将多目标综合优化,确定了干燥工艺的最优参数:热风温度103℃、热风风速1.5m/s、干燥时间100min。在此工艺参数条件下,有效地提高了干燥效率,降低了设备单位能耗及玉米干燥过程中营养成分的损失,达到了玉米保质干燥的目的。该研究旨在为北方寒地玉米干燥工业提供了理论基础。