Cytoprotective role of Ca2+- activated K+ channels in the cardiac inner mitochondrial membrane

Ion channels on the mitochondrial inner membrane influence cell function in specific ways that can be detrimental or beneficial to cell survival. At least one type of potassium (K+) channel, the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ channel (mitoKATP), is an important effector of protection against necrotic and apoptotic cell injury after ischemia. Here another channel with properties similar to the surface membrane calcium-activated K+ channel was found on the mitochondrial inner membrane (mitoKCa) of guinea pig ventricular cells. MitoKCa significantly contributed to mitochondrial K+ uptake of the myocyte, and an opener of mitoKCa protected hearts against infarction.     

Voyager 1: energetic ions and electrons in the jovian magnetosphere

The observations of the cosmic-ray subsystem have added significantly to our knowledge of Jupiter's magnetosphere. The most surprising result is the existence of energetic sulfur, sodium, and oxygen nuclei with energies above 7 megaelectron volts per nucleon which were found inside of Io's orbit. Also, significant fluxes of similarly energetic ions reflecting solar cosmic-ray composition were observed throughout the magnetosphere beyond 11 times the radius of Jupiter. It was also found that energetic protons are enhanced by 30 to 70 percent in the active hemisphere. Finally, the first observations were made of the magnetospheric tail in the dawn direction out to 160 Jupiter radii.     

Preparation of amorphous boron nitride and its conversion to a turbostratic, tubular form

Amorphous boron nitride, BN, is obtained from the reaction of B-trichloroborazine, (BCINH)(3), with cesium metal. The amorphous product is converted to a turbostratic form upon heating to 1100 degrees C. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a previously unreported morphology composed of hollow tubular structures. The largest of these appear to be approximately 3 micrometers in external diameter and 50 to 100 micrometers in length. Transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction also indicate the tube walls to be turbostratic in nature. The mechanism by which the tubes form is not known, although apparent sites of incipient tube growth have been observed.     

Consecutive elisa screening with monoclonal antibodies to detect potato virus YN

In a 1992 survey of potato fields in Canada for the tobacco veinal necrosis strain of potato virus Y (PVY^N), initial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening with one monoclonal antibody (MAb 295.5) followed by a second ELISA screening with a panel of several MAbs (4E7, Bioreba, 1F5 and 295.5) was assessed as a means of rapidly identifying positive samples prior to confirmation by bioassay. MAbs 4E7 and Bioreba were used in double antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA, while MAbs 1F5 and 295.5 were used in triple antibody sandwich (TAS) ELISA. In the second ELISA, MAbs 4E7, 1F5 and Bioreba all enhanced test specificity relative to the retest with MAb 295.5. All the MAbs were found to react, to some degree, with isolates of the common strain of PVY (PVY^O), but MAb 4E7 was the most specific widi no cross-reaction being observed at, or above, the signal to noise (S:N) threshold of 4:1. However, this MAb was also the least sensitive. At the S:N threshold of 4:1, its sensitivity was 68%, compared to a sensitivity of close to 100% for the other MAbs