茶多酚对大菱鲆生长、抗氧化能力及脂肪代谢相关基因表达的影响

为了研究饲料中添加茶多酚对大菱鲆生长、抗氧化能力及脂肪代谢相关基因表达的影响,以初始体质量为(13.51+0.31) g的大菱鲆幼鱼为实验对象,设计4组添加不同梯度茶多酚(0%、0.01%、0.02%和0.05%,干重添加量分别为0、100、200和500 mg/kg)的等氮等脂实验饲料,进行为期70 d的摄食生长实验。结果显示:①与对照组相比,饲料中添加0.01%～0.02%茶多酚显著提高了大菱鲆幼鱼增重率(WGR);饲料效率(FE)随饲料中茶多酚添加水平升高而升高,但各组间差异不显著;随饲料中茶多酚添加水平升高,大菱鲆肝体比(HSI)呈降低趋势,且显著低于对照组;②鱼体组成分析表明,投喂添加茶多酚饲料组大菱鲆鱼体和肝脏粗脂肪含量呈下降趋势,且在茶多酚添加水平为0.02%～0.05%时达到最低值,显著低于对照组;③与对照组相比,投喂添加茶多酚饲料组大菱鲆血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著升高,且各添加组间差异不显著;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随茶多酚的添加水平升高呈先升高后降低趋势,且在添加水平为0.02%时显著高于对照组;血清丙二醛(MDA)含量随茶多酚添加水平升高而降低,且在添加水平为0.02%～0.05%时显著低于对照组;④大菱鲆肝脏固醇调节元件结合蛋白1(SREBP-1)表达量随着饲料中茶多酚添加水平升高而降低,且在添加水平为0.02%～0.05%时达到最低值,显著低于对照组;脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)表达量随茶多酚添加水平的升高呈先降低后升高趋势,且在添加水平为0.02%时显著低于对照组;过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)表达量变化趋势与FAS相反,且在添加水平为0.02%时达到最高值。肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT1)表达量随饲料中茶多酚添加水平升高而升高,显著高于对照组,且各添加组间差异不显著。研究表明,高脂饲料中添加茶多酚能促进大菱鲆生长、降低肝脏脂肪过度沉积并提高血清抗氧化能力,高脂饲料中添加0.02%茶多酚是大菱鲆幼鱼生长的最适添加量。     

牛阴道脱出的诊断与治疗买永军

牛阴道脱出也称牛阴道脱垂,是兽医临床中常见的一种产科疾病,实践中分阴道半脱和阴道全脱。阴道半脱指部分阴道壁脱出于阴门,特征：卧地时脱出而站立时还纳。阴道全脱指整个阴道壁脱出于阴门,排球大或篮球大,特征：卧地时明显而站立时不能还纳。牛阴道脱出给养殖业造成严重经济损失,笔者在兽医床多年,采取手术和中药同步治疗该病,疗效显著,治愈率高。     

刺参池塘养殖系统中发酵饲料的制作与投喂

将海带粉、扇贝边粉、豆粕、虾粉、马尾藻粉按照40∶18∶20∶7∶15的配比混合,经浸泡、研磨等预处理后,加入0.25%～0.5%的水产诱食酵母,发酵72h。SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳结果显示,经过发酵处理后,饲料中的大分子蛋白发生降解。按照刺参体重3%的投喂量进行为期50d的投喂实验,结果表明,发酵饲料组刺参的生长明显优于普通饲料组(未发酵饲料),可见发酵饲料能够更好地满足刺参健康、快速生长的需要,具有良好的市场潜力。     

Effect of dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth performance,body composition,nutrient utilization and hepatic enzymes activities of herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Six isonitrogenous (390 g kg^?1) and isoenergetic (16.2 kJ g^?1) diets with varying carbohydrate : lipid (CHO : L) ratios (202.5–1.74), were fed to triplicate groups of 25 fish in indoor recirculation system. Over 8‐week‐growth trial, best weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein production value (P < 0.05) were observed in fish‐fed diets with CHO : L ratio of 7.5. Fish fed either the lowest (1.7) or highest (202.5) CHO : L ratio tended to produce lower (P < 0.05) growth and feed conversion efficiencies. The values of viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio increased as dietary CHO : L ratios decreased. There were no significant differences in whole body and liver crude protein among dietary treatments. Whole body and liver lipid increased as CHO : L ratios decreased. Plasma cholesterol and triacylglyceride levels increased linearly as dietary CHO : L ratios decreased. Activities of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase were stimulated by elevated levels of dietary carbohydrate; however, activities of lipase (LPS) and alkaline phosphatase were stimulated by elevated levels of dietary lipid. Based on a second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG against dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels, 275 g kg^?1 of carbohydrate and 59 g kg^?1 of lipid, corresponding to a CHO : L ratio of 4.7, in a diet holding 390 g kg^?1 of crude protein and 16.3 kJ g^?1 of gross energy, proved to be optimal for grass carp. These results indicated that utilization of dietary lipid and carbohydrate was moderate in grass carp, but the fish were a little more capable of utilizing lipid compared with carbohydrate.     

接种丛枝菌根真菌对土沉香幼苗耐旱性的影响

接种不同地区的幼套近明球囊霉(Claroideoglomusetunicatu,CE1、CE2)和摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformismosseae,FM1、FM2)于珍贵树种土沉香(Aquilaria sinensis)幼苗,采用模拟土壤干旱胁迫,研究接种菌根真菌对土沉香的耐旱性影响。结果表明,随着土壤干旱胁迫的加剧,未接菌组的叶绿素a和叶绿素总含量呈显著下降趋势,接菌组叶绿素含量高于未接菌组;在干旱胁迫下,接菌组的可溶性蛋白含量上升,中度干旱胁迫以上,接菌FM1和FM2组可溶性蛋白含量显著高于CK组。随着干旱胁迫程度的增大,接菌组幼苗SOD酶和POD酶活性呈先上升后下降趋势,但接菌组SOD酶和POD酶活性高于CK组。土壤干旱使植物体内MDA含量上升;在中度干旱时接菌组MDA含量高于CK组;当土壤水分达到重度干旱胁迫时,接种FM2、CE1和CE2处理组MDA含量显著高于CK组。研究表明,在干旱胁迫下,土沉香菌根化苗能提高植物体内渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性,维持较高的叶绿素含量,从而提高植物耐旱性。模糊隶属函数值分析结果表明,无论是轻度干旱还是重度干旱,接种菌根真菌幼苗的耐旱能力强于未接菌组,接种摩西斗管囊霉菌种强于接种幼套近明球囊霉菌种,其耐旱能力从大到小依次为菌株FM1FM2CE2CE1。     

TIME-RESOLVED RENAL CONTRAST-ENHANCED MRA IN NORMAL DOGS

In humans, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is a documented method to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate renal vessels. It offers a safer alternative to computed tomography angiography. The aim of this study was to establish a renal MRA protocol in dogs using a 3D multiphase Fast Spoiled Gradient Recalled echo CE-MRA sequence (3D FSPGR CE-MRA). We used an elliptical centric ordering of k -space to acquire the contrast-sensitive data faster. Four to five consecutive 3D dorsal slabs, encompassing both kidneys, could be acquired in 40–65 s. The renal arterial and venous phases were obtained separately during phases 1 or 2, and 2 or 3, respectively without the need for any contrast medium bolus timing. The renal arteries and veins were clearly visualized. In conclusion, multiphase FSPGR 3D CE-MRA with an elliptical centric k -space ordering allows distinguishing renal arterial and venous phases in dogs, and can be used as a noninvasive diagnostic imaging alternative to map renal vessels in this species. Potential applications include the screening of renal donors in renal transplantation programs, and the pretreatment evaluation of animals with invasive renal neoplasia or renal vascular anomalies when surgery or embolization are contemplated.     

迟熟蕉柑落花落果规律的观察研究

2006—2007年在广西桂林对迟熟蕉柑生理落花落果进行观察研究,探讨其落花落果规律。结果表明：2006年迟熟蕉柑的落花从4月中旬开始,4月下旬结束,4月11～15日和4月18～25日各有1次落花高峰期;2007年的落花从3月中旬开始,至4月中旬结束,落花高峰期在3月2913～4月2日。2006年迟熟蕉柑第1次生理落果从4月中旬开始持续到6月上旬,4月19—25日及5月7～14日为落果高峰期;第2次生理落果从5月上旬开始持续到7月上旬,5月17～23日为落果高峰期。2007年第1次生理落果从3月上旬开始持续到6月上旬,4月1-2日、4月15—17日、5月3-9日为落果高峰期;第2次生理落果从5月1日开始持续到6月上旬,5月4～11日和5月16～24日为落果高峰期。不同年份迟熟蕉柑的生理落果因气温变化剧烈程度不同而不同,两年的坐果率为2．42％-2．46％。     

马梨形虫病的诊治

通过病原学调查、临床诊断及实验室血液涂片镜检等方法对新疆库尔勒某马场梨形虫病病例进行诊断,同时对该马场其余12匹临床表现正常的马进行血液涂片镜检,其中5匹被确诊为隐性感染。针对该马场马匹的发病情况,制定出相应的治疗及预防措施,效果显著,为马梨形虫病的诊治提供参考。     

芒果园生态系统优化模式应用分析

针对三亚南田农场丰产芒果园生态系统管理现状,对其进行资源整合优化。优化后的系统模式通过加环增值、节水灌溉、科学施肥和资源多层次利用,实现了系统内横向经济复合、结构和产品多样化及功能优化,取得了减少污染、增加效益的效果。最后提出延长产业链、加强养分系统研究、突出地区优势并整合大系统资源等4点建议。     

基于国际旅游岛建设的文昌现代农业与旅游业发展意见

分析海南国际旅游岛建设的背景下文昌市发展条件与特点,在指出文昌经济发展的六大制约因素及四大潜在动力基础上,重点突出当地农业、旅游业发展方向,提出建设海南高效农业和优质农产品基地、海南东北部优越的度假旅游区、海南东北部高端生活休闲服务区、海南科教文明教育基地四大任务及五大保障措施。