Diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism in a cat using echocardiography and pulmonary scintigraphy

A 10-year-old male cat was presented with sudden onset of respiratory difficulties. Clinical examinatlon revealed an acute dyspnoea with cyanosis associated with a left systolic heart murmur. Standard thoracic radiographs excluded pulmonary oedema and showed very few pulmonary changes given the intensity of the respiratory compromlse. Echocardiographic examination revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a thrombus In the right pulmonary artery. Pulmonary sclntlgraphy confirmed a pulmonary thromboembolism with hypovascularisatlon of the left cranial lobe and of the ventral segment of the right lobe. Conservative treatment was instituted using an antibiotic (doxycycllne), anticoagulants (heparin, coumadine) and a calcium lnhlbitor (diltiazem). The cat was given absolute rest. The general condition of the animal improved.     

TIME-RESOLVED RENAL CONTRAST-ENHANCED MRA IN NORMAL DOGS

In humans, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is a documented method to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate renal vessels. It offers a safer alternative to computed tomography angiography. The aim of this study was to establish a renal MRA protocol in dogs using a 3D multiphase Fast Spoiled Gradient Recalled echo CE-MRA sequence (3D FSPGR CE-MRA). We used an elliptical centric ordering of k -space to acquire the contrast-sensitive data faster. Four to five consecutive 3D dorsal slabs, encompassing both kidneys, could be acquired in 40–65 s. The renal arterial and venous phases were obtained separately during phases 1 or 2, and 2 or 3, respectively without the need for any contrast medium bolus timing. The renal arteries and veins were clearly visualized. In conclusion, multiphase FSPGR 3D CE-MRA with an elliptical centric k -space ordering allows distinguishing renal arterial and venous phases in dogs, and can be used as a noninvasive diagnostic imaging alternative to map renal vessels in this species. Potential applications include the screening of renal donors in renal transplantation programs, and the pretreatment evaluation of animals with invasive renal neoplasia or renal vascular anomalies when surgery or embolization are contemplated.     

CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT OF EXTRADURAL COMPRESSIVE MATERIAL ON MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

Gadolinium‐enhancement of compressive extradural material is detected occasionally with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in dogs. Our goal was to characterize contrast enhancement of extradural compressive material associated with intervertebral disc herniation, and to evaluate the association between enhancement and histopathologic findings and the onset of clinical signs. Ninety‐three dogs with a total of 99 lesions diagnosed as intervertebral disc herniation on MR imaging were assessed. Images were evaluated for lesion location, type of herniation, degree of compression, intramedullary T2‐weighted (T2W) intensities, and contrast enhancement. In 23 dogs, surgically removed compressive material was evaluated histopathologically for hemorrhage, inflammation, neovascularization, fibroplasia, fibrosis, mineralization, necrosis, and chronicity. Contrast enhancement of extradural compressive material, meninges, and both the compressive materials and meninges was present in 51.5%, 39.4%, and 17.2% of lesions, respectively. Extradural enhancement occurred more frequently in extrusions than protrusions (P=0.001). Meningeal enhancement and more severe neurologic deficits were significantly associated with a shorter duration of clinical signs (P=0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Intramedullary T2W hyperintensities, present with 44.4% of lesions, were associated with more severe neurologic deficits (P=0.001). Lesions with extradural enhancement were more often considered subacute to chronic in duration and more frequently associated with hemorrhage compared with nonenhancing material; however, no statistically significant association was established between contrast enhancement and histopathologic findings. Contrast enhancement of extradural compressive material and the meninges was found to be common with intervertebral disc herniation, and should not be interpreted as a specific sign of a mass lesion such as neoplasia.     

低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶对草鱼生长性能和消化生理的影响

本试验旨在研究低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶对草鱼生长性能、消化酶活性、营养物质表观消化率和免疫力的影响。试验选取平均体重为9.66 g的健康草鱼630尾,随机分为7个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。7组草鱼饲喂如下试验饲料:正常磷(磷酸二氢钙添加量2.0%)正常鱼粉(鱼粉添加量3.0%)饲料(对照)、低磷(磷酸二氢钙添加量1.3%)正常鱼粉饲料、低磷正常鱼粉并添加0.03%植酸酶饲料、正常磷低鱼粉(鱼粉添加量1.5%)饲料、正常磷低鱼粉并添加0.05%蛋白酶饲料、低磷和低鱼粉饲料、低磷低鱼粉并添加0.03%植酸酶和0.05%蛋白酶饲料。饲养试验持续56 d。结果显示:与饲喂正常磷正常鱼粉饲料草鱼相比,饲喂低磷低鱼粉饲料草鱼的增重率、特定生长率、营养物质(干物质、蛋白质、钙和磷)表观消化率、肠道消化酶(胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和淀粉酶)活性、血清溶菌酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数和血清丙二醛含量显著升高(P<0.05)。在低磷正常鱼粉饲料、正常磷低鱼粉饲料、低磷低鱼粉饲料中分别添加植酸酶、蛋白酶、植酸酶与蛋白酶后,草鱼的上述指标均得到显著改善(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,在低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶能够提高草鱼的营养物质表观消化率、肠道消化酶活性和免疫力,从而改善其生长性能。     

THE HILAR PERIVENOUS HYPERECHOIC TRIANGLE AS A SIGN OF ACUTE SPLENIC TORSION IN DOGS

Diagnosis of acute primary splenic torsion is challenging. The ultrasonographic appearance of this condition has been described, but other splenic diseases, such as diffuse infarction because of thrombosis, can appear very similar. We describe an additional ultrasonographic sign of acute splenic torsion; a triangular hyperechoic area at the hilus between the veins and the splenic parenchyma that is continuous with the hyperechoic mesentery. In a group of animals where acute splenic torsion was part of the ultrasound report differential diagnosis, we compared findings in dogs with torsion with findings in dogs with other splenic conditions. The presence of a hilar hyperechoic perivenous triangle was significantly associated with splenic torsion (P = 0.005). We speculate that this sign is associated with torsion because of the secondary severe, diffuse splenic enlargement. Although not pathognomonic, this sign could be used to more accurately diagnose splenic torsion in light of other findings consistent with this condition.     

胞质型磷脂酶A2基因克隆及其表达量随大黄鱼仔稚鱼生长发育的变化

利用同源克隆技术和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆大黄鱼胞质型磷脂酶A2(cPLA2)基因的cDNA全长.此外,应用实时定量PCR法检测不同日龄大黄鱼仔稚鱼cPLA2基因的表达量.序列分析结果表明:cPLA2基因全长2 550 bp(GenBank登录号:KF006240.1),其中5'端非编码区176 bp,开放阅读框2 169 bp,3'端非编码区205 bp,共编码723个氨基酸.系统进化树分析结果表明:克隆所得大黄鱼cPLA2基因与其他鱼类的cPLA2基因亲缘关系较近,与哺乳动物的亲缘关系较远.定量检测结果表明:大黄鱼仔稚鱼cPLA2基因的表达量随日龄的增加为先显著升高(1、3、7日龄vs.15日龄,P＜0.05),在15日龄时达到最高值,随后显著下降(15日龄vs.19日龄,P＜0.05),之后趋于平稳.由此可知,大黄鱼从仔稚鱼到幼鱼早期的变形过程中,磷脂分解代谢的关键酶cPLA2基因的表达量呈现有规律的变化,这可能对机体保持体内磷脂的动态平衡、维护细胞膜的流动性具有重要的意义.大黄鱼仔稚鱼cPLA2基因表达量的变化趋势在一定程度上可以衡量大黄鱼消化系统的发育情况.     

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RENAL HYPOECHOIC SUBCAPSULAR THICKENING AND LYMPHOSARCOMA IN CATS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between renal hypoechoic subcapsular thickening observed ultrasonographically and the presence of renal lymphosarcoma in cats. The ultrasonography database was retrospectively searched for cats that underwent ultrasound examination and ultrasound guided needle renal aspirate, renal biopsy, or necropsy. One radiologist unaware of the final diagnosis evaluated the images for the presence of hypoechoic subcapsular thickening and other abnormal findings. Fifty-four cats met the inclusion criteria. Hypoechoic subcapsular thickening was found in 21 cats of which 17 had lymphosarcoma; the remaining four cats had a different diagnosis. Eleven out of 33 cats without hypoechoic subcapsular thickening were positive for lymphosarcoma, and the rest had a different diagnosis. There was a significant association between hypoechoic subcapsular thickening and renal lymphosarcoma (P = 0.001). The positive predictive value of hypoechoic subcapsular thickening for lymphosarcoma was 80.9% and the negative predictive value was 66.7%. The sensitivity and specificity of hypoechoic subcapsular thickening for the diagnosis of renal lymphosarcoma were 60.7% and 84.6%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the presence of hypoechoic subcapsular thickening in feline kidneys is associated with renal lymphosarcoma.     

掌握好科学要点,提高散户夏季饲养肉用商品鸭的技术水平

本文就如何提高生产管理的技术水平和经济效益,谈谈肉用商品鸭散户饲养管理的一些看法。1选择优良品种饲养肉用商品鸭目前基本选择樱桃谷杂及丽     

新疆沙漠桑持水力的筛选研究

为获得生长在沙漠深处不同类型桑树基因资源的持水力差异信息,采用自然脱水法,对黑桑、白桑、粉桑和雄桑等不同类型的20份沙漠桑基因资源的失水过程进行了测定;研究结果表明,沙漠桑树分为强持水型、中等持水型和弱持水型,黑桑、白桑和粉桑类型桑树的持水能力较雄桑类型桑树强;根据枝条、叶片等同器官持水能力强弱不同,多数沙漠桑叶片的持水能力不太强,初步认为枝条的持水能力较叶片强。     

牛阴道脱出的诊断与治疗买永军

牛阴道脱出也称牛阴道脱垂,是兽医临床中常见的一种产科疾病,实践中分阴道半脱和阴道全脱。阴道半脱指部分阴道壁脱出于阴门,特征：卧地时脱出而站立时还纳。阴道全脱指整个阴道壁脱出于阴门,排球大或篮球大,特征：卧地时明显而站立时不能还纳。牛阴道脱出给养殖业造成严重经济损失,笔者在兽医床多年,采取手术和中药同步治疗该病,疗效显著,治愈率高。