哈萨克族的草原游牧文化(Ⅱ)——哈萨克族的游牧生产

哈萨克族是世界上最喜欢牲畜和善于饲养牲畜的民族之一。创造了一整套与自然环境相适应的生存技能,使得自然环境始终保持一种良好的存在状态。哈萨克族游牧文化的生产、生活方式及技能是以自然的适应作为前提条件。其实质造就了游牧文化中的物质生产的特征,进而决定了整个生产、生活方式的某些基本特征。如游牧生产具有游移性、实用性、简约性、稳定性;有适应游牧的家畜;有与环境相适应的生活用品,如适应游牧的衣物、食品、毡房等;在畜牧生产中有四季草地的利用标准;畜群结构的控制;转场中的环保习俗;狩猎中的习俗等。哈萨克族有适应游牧生活的独特的民族手工艺产业。     

夏季新型发酵床猪舍与普通猪舍温度比较分析

 在夏季7~8月份高温季节对南京市六合区江苏省农科院试验猪场两种不同类型育肥猪舍室内温度进行了观测分析。数据比较分析表明：夏季新型可移动发酵床育肥舍室内日平均温度波动幅度较大,而普通育肥舍室内日平均温度波动幅度较小;新型可移动发酵床育肥舍在夏季中午高温时舍内日平均温度高于普通育肥舍内日平均温度,而早上和晚上的日平均温度低于普通育肥舍内日平均温度。     

4个猕猴桃品种在云南省石漠化地区的引种表现

为筛选出适合云南省西畴县石漠化地区种植的猕猴桃品种,引进东红、金艳、翠玉和寻猕196等4个猕猴桃品种,观察了这些品种的物候期、生长特性、果实性状,并通过主成分分析法对引进的4个猕猴桃品种果实性状进行综合评价.结果表明,4个品种的果实成熟期差异较大,以东红最早,金艳最晚,早晚差异达42d;萌芽率以翠玉最高,为86.00％...     

Forest recovery after clear-cutting in Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis) plantations of North China

In Hebei Province of North China, forest was recovered with natural recruitment in plantations with large area of clear-cutting Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis). This study was aimed to demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of recruits during the natural recruitment. Both plot survey and the spatial point-pattern analysis were performed. Five developmental stages of natural recruitment were selected and studied, including 1 year before and 2, 5, 8, and 11 years after clear-cutting. Different slope aspects were also included. Natural recruitment was always dominated by Chinese pine with a proportion of higher than 90%. For plots of 1 year before clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, recruit densities were 7886 and 5036 stems/hm2, the average heights were 0.78(±0.85) and 1.06(±1.15) m, and the average diameters at breast height(DBH) were 3.21(±1.38) and 2.91(±1.38) cm, respectively. After clear-cutting, recruit density was initially increased, then it was gradually declined with time; however, the variation of average DBH was contrary to that of recruit density. Both of them were no longer varied between 8 and 11 years after clear-cutting. The average height of recruits continued to increase after clear-cutting. For the plots of 11 years after clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, average heights of recruits reached 2.00(±1.14) and 2.24(±1.20) m, respectively. The statuses of recruits on north-facing slopes were better than those on east-facing slopes after clear-cutting. Meanwhile, recruits on east-facing slopes were always aggregated at small scales, while spatial pattern of recruits varied with time on north-facing slopes. Moreover, forest was recovered more quickly by natural recruitment than by artificial afforestation after clear-cutting. The structural diversity was higher in naturally regenerated forests than in plantations of the same age. Our results demonstrated that clear-cutting of Chinese pine plantations recovered by natural recruitment has the potential to be an effective approach for establishing multifunctional forest.     

金太阳杏的引种表现及栽培技术

当阳市地处鄂西山地向江汉平原的过渡地带,气候温和,无霜期长,光照充足,年平均气温16·4℃,年平均降水1000mm。2000年,我市引种栽培金太阳杏,现已发展到200hm2。经几年的观察,该品种表现结果早,丰产性强,品质好。一般栽后第2年即可结果,666·7m2产200kg;第3年达500kg。育溪镇光     

山东省羊常用粗饲料营养价值评定

试验旨在综合评价从山东省17个市采集的羊常用粗饲料原料的营养价值。试验测定了109个样本10种常用原料的常规营养成分及总能(GE),应用两级离体消化法测定干物质消化率(IVDMD),以计算消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME),并根据预测干物质随意采食量(DMI),进而计算出分级指数(GI)。结果表明,不同粗饲料间的常规养分的差异不能准确地评价饲料营养价值;以NDF、ADF所得GI综合评价粗饲料中营养价值得到苜蓿>冬牧70>地瓜秧>羊草>花生秧>青贮玉米秸>玉米秸>水稻秸>豆秸>麦秸;IVDMD与NDF、ADF均呈显著负相关,而与CP呈显著正相关;DE与NDF、ADF相关性较强,且均呈负相关。     

铜对体外仔猪软骨细胞增殖和细胞骨架的影响

体外分离、培养仔猪关节软骨细胞,在细胞培养液中分别添加铜0、7.8、15.6、31.2、62.5μmol/L。结果表明,软骨细胞在4种铜浓度中可存活并增殖,但随铜浓度的增加,其存活率、增殖率、3H-TdR掺入率有明显的差异,且能破坏软骨细胞骨架。培养液中添加铜31.2μmol/L,对软骨细胞的增殖作用最强,增殖率、3H-TdR掺入数显著高于对照组(P<0.01),软骨细胞形态及骨架均正常。表明31.2μmol/L铜浓度是促进体外软骨细胞增殖的最适浓度。     

利用酵母双杂交膜系统筛选与小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白互作的异沙叶蝉蛋白

正小麦蓝矮病(Wheat blue dwarf,WBD)是我国西北麦区一种重要植原体病害,在我国西部地区危害严重。该病害由异沙叶蝉(Psammotettix alienus L.)专化性传播,介体传毒成为病害流行的重要中心环节[1]。本实验室前期通过免疫荧光标记研究发现WBD植原体免疫膜蛋白(immunodominant membrane protein, IMP)与介体异沙叶蝉肌动蛋白互作,说明IMP在植原体传播和致病过程中起关键作用。     

鹅DHRS7基因克隆、序列分析及其在鹅肥肝形成过程中的表达特点

为获得鹅DHRS7基因全长cDNA,并探讨该基因是否参与鹅肥肝的形成过程。本研究应用抑制消减杂交文库获得鹅DHRS7基因部分EST序列,采用RACE技术扩增了鹅该基因全长cDNA,并对其序列进行了生物信息分析;用荧光定量PCR技术检测了DHRS7在鹅肝脏、皮脂、腹脂等10个组织中的差异表达,以及填饲对鹅肝脏中DHRS7表达变化的影响。结果发现,鹅DHRS7基因cDNA全长1 279bp,含一个完整的开放阅读框1 011bp(可编码336个氨基酸),25bp的5′UTR和243bp的3′UTR序列;生物信息学分析结果显示,鹅DHRS7含有跨膜结构域以及NADP结合位点,且在这些功能区域变异较少;荧光定量结果显示,DHRS7在鹅肝脏和脂肪组织中都有较高表达,填饲后鹅肝脏中DHRS7的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,DHRS7在鹅肥肝形成过程中具有重要的作用。     

不同纤维源对成年鹅肠道组织形态变化的影响

本试验旨在研究不同纤维源对成年扬州鹅肠道组织形态变化的影响。选用18只健康、体重相近的25周龄扬州鹅公鹅,随机分为3组,即:稻壳粉组、苜蓿草粉组、羊草粉组,每组6只。试验期28 d,试验期末将试验鹅处死并留取各肠段组织,称重并观察肠道组织形态。结果表明:①不同纤维源对十二指肠和空肠长度影响差异不显著(P>0.05),稻壳草粉组回肠长度显著高于苜蓿草粉组与羊草粉组(P<0.05),苜蓿草粉组与羊草粉组差异不显著(P>0.05)。②稻壳粉组十二指肠绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度、肌层厚度均显著高于苜蓿草粉组与羊草粉组(P<0.05),其中苜蓿草粉组隐窝深度、V/C与羊草粉组差异显著(P<0.05);稻壳粉组与羊草粉组空肠绒毛高度显著高于苜蓿草粉组(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著低于苜蓿草粉组(P<0.05),稻壳粉组与羊草粉组间均差异不显著(P>0.05),稻壳粉组肌层厚度显著高于苜蓿草粉组(P<0.05);羊草粉组回肠绒毛高度显著高于苜蓿草粉组与稻壳粉组(P<0.05),3组间绒毛宽度差异显著(P<0.05),且以稻壳粉组最大,羊草粉组V/C显著高于苜蓿草粉组和稻壳粉组(P<0.05),羊草粉组肌层厚度显著低于苜蓿草粉组与稻壳草粉组(P<0.05)。由此可知,不同纤维源可显著影响25周龄扬州鹅肠道组织形态。