Mechanism of elemene enhancing radiosensitivity of human glioma U251 cells

AIM To investigate the effect of elemene on the radiosensitivity of human glioma U251 cells and its mechanism. METHODS The U251 cells were used as a glioma model in vitro, and were exposed to different concentrations of elemene and different doses of radiation. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, the apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the related protein levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Elemene inhibited the viability of U251 cells in vitro and enhanced the radiosensitivity of the cells. The cells in radiotherapy combined with elemene group had higher rates of early apoptosis, secondary necrosis and total cell death than those in radiation group. Elemene induced G₂/M phase arrest in the U251 cells. Elemene reduced the protein expression of cell division cycle protein 2 （Cdc2）, which resulted in the decrease in cyclin B1 expression induced by radiotherapy, thereby inhibiting the formation of cyclin B-Cdc2 complex. Elemene reduced Cdc2 activity by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Cdc2 protein at threonine 161, thereby inducing G₂/M phase arrest in the cells. It also mediated apoptosis by down-regulating survivin expression. CONCLUSION Elemene may increase the sensitivity of U251 cells to radiotherapy by down-regulating Cdc2 protein, decreasing cyclin B1 expression, inhibiting the formation of cylcin B-Cdc2 complex and down-regulating the expression of survivin.     

Effects of different active constituents of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by ox-LDL

AIM To investigate the effects of different components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum ［gypenosides (Gps), gypenoside XLIX (GpXLIX) and ginsenoside Rb3 (GRb3)］ on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). METHODS EA.hy926 cells were divided into control group, model group, Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group. The cells in control group were cultured only in DMEM complete medium. The cells in model group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 h. The cells in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h, and then treated with Gps, GpXLIX and GRb3 at 100 mg/L for another 24 h, respectively. The ATP content in each group was detected by ELISA. The expression levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5a （Cox5a）, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 （Ndufs1）, ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5a) and cytochrome C (Cyt C）, were determined by Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with control group, the ATP content in model group was decreased (P<0.01). After drug intervention, the ATP content increased to different degrees in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.01). The results of Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system were consistent with those of Western blot. These results showed that compared with control group, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a in model group was decreased, and the protein expression of Cyt C was increased (P<0.01). After intervention, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a was increased and the protein expression of Cyt C was decreased in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among them, the effect of Gps on the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and Cyt C was significantly stronger than those of the 2 monomer components, and the effect of GRb3 was found to be superior in the 2 monomer components. The effect of GpXLIX on ATP5a protein was superior to the other 2 components. CONCLUSION Gynostemma total saponins and related active ingredients protect ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells by affecting mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, thereby preventing and treating atherosclerosis.     

虎雪兰玻璃化超低温法脱毒技术的研究

以兰属花卉虎雪兰组培原球茎为试材,采用玻璃化超低温法对兰花病毒脱除进行了研究,以期为虎雪兰玻璃化超低温法脱毒体系的建立提供参考依据。结果表明:在蔗糖浓度0.5 mol·L-1预培养4 d,然后在蔗糖0.6 mol·L-1加载液冰上处理50 min,之后转入PVS2溶液冰上玻璃化处理120 min,再液氮冷冻40 min,37℃水浴解冻3 min,最后卸载液(1/2MS+1.2 mol·L-1蔗糖)卸载20 min,待恢复培养后,原球茎成活率可达到65%以上,随机检测不同处理样品的脱毒率可达97%。     

3种引诱剂对松褐天牛成虫引诱效果比较

为了更好地对松褐天牛成虫进行监测和诱杀,在遂昌地区的马尾松林及贮木场内利用3种不同引诱剂对松褐天牛进行诱捕对比试验。结果表明,3种引诱剂对松褐天牛都有较好的引诱效果,但差异显著。其中,APF-Ⅰ型引诱剂的效果最好,F1型引诱剂次之,ST-2型最弱。试验期共诱捕到松褐天牛成虫4 979头,其中雌成虫4 134头,雄成虫845头,雌雄比为1∶0.204。所诱捕到的雌虫数量是雄虫的4.89倍,差异显著(P=0.045,t=-4.551)。引诱剂捕获松褐天牛的高峰期为6月中旬至8月中旬,6月至8月份降雨量及气温对松褐天牛成虫诱捕规律产生较大影响。本研究为遂昌地区松褐天牛成虫的防治提供了科学依据。     

风险感知、保险认知与养殖户肉鸡保险购买意愿 ——基于肉鸡主产区的实证分析

风险管理是现代农业经营中的重要问题,随着农业市场化程度的加深,肉鸡产业面临着多种风险来源的冲击。农业保险作为有效的现代风险管理工具,在保障产业可持续发展、减少农户家庭收入波动方面发挥了重要作用。基于行为金融理论,利用江苏、安徽、山东、河南和辽宁5个肉鸡主产区的调研数据,运用有序Logit模型,分析风险感知与保险认知对养殖户保险购买意愿的影响,探讨两者间的交互影响机制。结果表明,尽管66.43%的农户认为肉鸡养殖保险在风险管控中的必要性较强,但86.43%的农户对保险内容的了解程度不高,仅有20.71%的农户具有强烈的保险购买意愿。生产风险感知对养殖户的保险购买意愿有促进作用。保险认知中,农户对保险重要性认知程度对其保险购买意愿有促进作用;农户对保险内容的了解程度对其保险购买意愿具有显著的抑制作用,主要由于当前肉鸡保险产品设计不合理,保险内容与农户需求不匹配,保险理赔效果不佳,对保险内容了解程度越高反而会降低农户的购买意愿。风险感知和保险认知间存在交互影响,即风险感知对农户保险购买意愿的提高效果会随着对保险重要性认知程度的提高而增强,随着对保险内容了解程度的提高而减弱。因此,政府应加强农户的风险管理教育与培训,提高其风险管理意识,同时完善和优化当前肉鸡保险的内容,使之与农户需求相匹配,并通过更广泛的宣传来提高养殖户对于肉鸡保险的认知,从而增强农户对保险的购买意愿。     

Streptomyces TOR3209介导盐碱地金花葵根际的生态效应

为研究植物微生物联合改良盐碱地的效果和根际效应,以耐盐植物金花葵(Hibiseu manihot L.)和根际益生菌链霉菌Streptomyces TOR3209为材料,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)生物标记法和生物多样性指数测度法,在始蕾期和成熟期,检测了TOR3209+金花葵(T1)、金花葵(T2)和裸地原土(空白CK)根际微生物总量和主要菌群结构的变化,同时检测了根围土壤主要酶活性和理化性状的变化。结果表明:T2处理能显著提高土壤磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipid-derived fatty acids, PLFA)含量和多样性,改善微生物群落结构,但G+/G-值高于CK,土壤却转向贫瘠。T1处理的金花葵生长旺盛,全株生物量提高了113.22%;在2个生长期,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量也有显著提高,根围土壤电导率和pH值均下降;土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均有所提高;微生物总量提高,土壤微生物Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Margalef丰富度指数显著改善,细菌、放线菌、细菌/真菌和AM真菌总量等提高;且G+/G-值低于CK,土壤由贫瘠转向丰富。T1处理土壤理化性质和生物学指标均更优于T2处理。冗余分析(RDA)表明,土壤微生物与碱解氮、速效磷、有机质呈正相关,与pH和电导率呈负相关,是影响根际微环境的重要因子。链霉菌TOR3209与根系互作,通过改善根际微环境,显著提高了植株的耐盐能力和生产性能。植物微生物联合改良盐碱地具有良好前景。     

高炭基肥配施氮肥对牡丹江烤烟生长及产量和质量的影响

采用田间试验,设置4个处理[CK(常规施氮量,不施高炭基肥)、T1(常规施氮量,900 kg·hm~(-2)高炭基肥)、T2(85%常规施氮量,900 kg·hm~(-2)高炭基肥)、T3(70%常规施氮量,900 kg·hm~(-2)高炭基肥)],研究了减氮配施高炭基肥对牡丹江烤烟生长和产量、质量的影响。结果表明,T1处理烤烟各生育时期的农艺性状均有所提高,T3处理对烤烟的生长产生了负面效应;T1处理显著提高了中上部叶总氮含量(1.59%,1.65%)、烟碱含量(1.71%,1.99%),T1和T2处理显著提高了中部叶钾含量(1.68%,1.69%);与CK相比,T1处理中上部叶感官评吸总得分均有显著提高,增幅分别为4.06%和5.92%,其烟叶产量、产值及中上等烟比例均有所提高。在牡丹江烟区白浆土条件下,控制总施氮量为45 kg·hm~(-2)、高炭基肥料施用量为900 kg·hm~(-2)时,有利于促进烤烟生长、提高经济效益、改善烟叶品质。     

玉米秸秆基高吸水性树脂的试验研究

采用水溶液聚合法,以过硫酸钾,亚硝酸钠为引发剂,N’N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,研究了丙烯酸与秸秆质量比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量以及反应温度对玉米秸秆基高吸水性树脂性能的影响,并利用正交试验方法对制备工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,各因素影响高吸水性树脂性能的次序为反应温度丙烯酸与秸秆的质量比引发剂与总质量的比值;高吸水性树脂的最佳制备条件为:丙烯酸与玉米秸秆质量比为7,丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺质量比为5,交联剂占总质量的1%,引发剂占总质量的1.5%,反应时间为30 min,反应温度为65℃。经过正交试验优化后高吸水性树脂最高保水率可达235 g·g~(-1),7 d后保水率为82 g·g~(-1),说明树脂具有良好的保水性能;树脂重复利用5次时吸水率仍然可达176 g·g~(-1),说明该吸水性树脂具有较好的重复利用性能。     

旱地豌豆新品种定豌9号选育报告

以S9107为母本,草原12号为父本,采用有性杂交技术和系谱选育法,培育出旱地豌豆新品种定豌9号。在2012 — 2014年多点试验中,3 a 15点(次)折合平均产量2 064.0 kg/hm2,较对照品种定豌4号增产12.14%,产量表现稳定、高产。平均株高73.3 cm,主茎节数13.9节,单株有效荚数4.03个,单荚粒数3.86粒,百粒重20.5 g,经济性状优良。生育期92 d左右。干籽粒含粗蛋白258.1 g/kg、赖氨酸13.2 g/kg、粗脂肪7.67 g/kg、粗淀粉600.0 g/kg。抗旱、耐根腐病、丰产稳产性好。适宜在甘肃中部干旱、半干旱地区及其同类地区种植。