华安县茶叶产业发展的战略取向

华安县是漳州市的茶叶生产大县.总结其发展的成功经验,探讨华安县在茶叶产业发展过程中存在一些急需解决的问题,提出发展的战略与政策导向,对做大、做强华安茶叶产业,有着现实的意义.     

大豆品种(系)间耐光氧化的差异及其与产量的关系

在人工光氧化筛选压下,测定了242份大豆品种(系)间耐光氧化程度的差异.结果表明,大豆品种(系)间耐光氧化程度存在明显差异,其R3、R5、R6期耐光氧化变异系数,分别为31%、30%、27%,全距为4级.大豆品种(系)耐光氧化程度与其产量呈明显正相关;同时筛选出哈03-4113、哈04-3208等8个耐光氧化品系.     

群体改良面包小麦品质性状的方法与技术

为了探讨分子标记技术用于太谷核不育小麦(Ta1)轮回选择育种的可行性,广泛搜集含有不同优质亚基且农艺性状优良的种质资源,对创建动态的改良面包小麦品质优质基因库进行了研究。结果表明,5亚基特异PCR标记在具有5亚基的单株中均能扩增出450bp的基因片段,生化标记与其结果一致;通过控制授粉引入优质基因,开花前淘汰劣质基因型,借助于可育株与不育株的异交,使优质基因重组、累加和聚合,获得了14 15、5 10亚基的聚合体和5 12等亚基的稀有类型;与基础群体比,轮选群体的单株产量增加1.0~1.5g,株高降低7.5cm,使品质、产量得到同步改良,从而建立了分子标记辅助Ta1小麦改良品质性状的优质基因库。     

利生源牌王浆花粉产品中化学成分的含量测定

目的：测定王浆花粉产品中化学成分的含量；方法：采用三氯化铝-醋酸钠比色法，以芦丁作为对照品，测定总黄酮的含量，用药典方法测定水分含量、醚提物含量、醇提物含量；结果：王浆花粉产品中总黄酮的含量为0．2393％（脱色前）或0．2447％（脱色后），水分含量24．48％，醚提物含量10．80％，醇提物含量41．77％；结论：用三氯化铝-醋酸钠比色法测定工浆花粉产品中总黄酮含量简便、准确。     

Comparison of the florfenicol metabolic rate in Portunus trituberculatus individuals with different body weights

We analysed the metabolic rate of large individuals (LIs) and small individuals (SIs) (based on body weight) of 80‐day‐old specimens of Portunus trituberculatus injected with 40 mg/kg florfenicol (FLR). The results showed that FLR contents in the gills and hepatopancreas were higher in the SIs than in the LIs. The activities of erythromycin N‐demethylase and 7‐ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase related to cytochrome oxidase P450 (CYP) were induced after FLR injection and showed a size‐dependent pattern; however, no significant difference in aminopyrine N‐demethylase activity was found between the LIs and SIs. The activity of the phase II enzyme glutathione S‐transferase (GST) increased in the hepatopancreas after FLR injection, and it was higher in the SIs than the LIs. Moreover, induction of CYP2, CYP3, GST, ABCB and ABCG was observed in the first 24 hr after FLR injection. FLR caused more biomolecular damage in the SIs than the LIs, displaying an obvious body weight‐ and time‐dependent pattern. In summary, the SIs exhibited faster FLR uptake and slower depuration in this species, and FLR caused more biomolecular damage to the SIs.     

Effects of dietary carbohydrate/lipid ratios on growth performance,body composition and glucose metabolism of fingerling blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala

This study aimed to investigate the optimum dietary carbohydrate/lipid (CHO/L) ratio for fingerling blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala (average initial weight: 6.61 ± 0.03 g). Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain various CHO/L ratios ranging from 1.62 to 24.20. Each diet was tested in four replicates for 10 weeks. Specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio and nitrogen and energy retention all improved significantly (P < 0.05) as dietary CHO/L ratios decreased from 24.20 to 5.64 but showed little difference (P > 0.05) as dietary CHO/L ratios ranged from 2.45 to 5.64. Hepatosomatic index increased significantly (P < 0.05) as dietary CHO/L ratios increased, whereas intraperitoneal fat ratio showed an opposite trend (P < 0.05). Opposite to moisture content, lipid content of whole body and carcass all increased significantly (P < 0.05) as dietary CHO/L ratios decreased. Liver lipid content showed little difference (P > 0.05) among all the treatments, while liver glycogen content increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing CHO/L ratios. High dietary carbohydrate enhanced the activities of liver hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase but did not induce hyperglycaemia. Based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis of SGR, the optimal dietary carbohydrate and lipid contents for fingerling blunt snout bream were 291.7 and 81.4 g kg⁻¹, respectively, with a corresponding dietary CHO/L ratio of 3.58.     

Effects of dietary thiamin on the physiological status of the grouper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epinephelus coioides</Emphasis>

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary thiamin on the physiological status of the juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Graded levels of thiamin (0.08, 0.50, 2.12, 3.15, 4.63, 12.37 mg thiamin kg⁻¹ diet) were fed to grouper juveniles (mean weight: 16.97 ± 0.14 g) for 10 weeks. Although fish fed the thiamin-deficient (TD) diet showed no obvious symptoms of thiamin deficiency or increased mortality, those fed the lowest doses of thiamin (0.08 and 0.50 mg thiamin kg⁻¹ diet) had significantly decreased transketolase activity in the liver. In addition, the level of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in fish fed the TD diet was 33–67% higher than that in fish with the thiamin-supplemented diet. There were no significant differences in superoxide dismutase activity between the different groups of fish.     

Purification and characterization of a cysteine-like protease from the body wall of the sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stichopus japonicus</Emphasis>

The sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) is able to undergo autolysis in response to a variety of environmental and mechanical cues. Within the framework of a long-term study of this phenomenon we have purified a protease from the body wall of the sea cucumber by means of ion-exchange chromatography with DE-52 cellulose and gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-100. The final enzyme preparation was nearly homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 35.5 kDa. The purified enzyme exhibited a maximum activity for the hydrolysis of casein at pH 7.0 and 50°C and a remarkable stability at pH 4.0–7.0 and 40–60°C. Based on the inhibition and activation profiles obtained with numerous specific protease inhibitors and an activator, the protease purified from the body wall of the sea cucumber was defined to be a cysteine-like protease.     

稻麦联合收获机分段式脱粒装置设计与优化

针对纵轴流联合收获机在收获稻麦时出现的脱粒不彻底、分离不完全等问题,该研究设计了一种分段式纵轴流脱粒分离装置。该装置主要由锥形脱粒滚筒、脱粒强度可调式凹板筛、360°分离式凹板筛、作业参数电控调节系统等构成。通过单因素试验,分别获得了脱粒强度可调式凹板筛的开关板针对小麦和水稻脱粒的最佳开关状态。为寻求装置作业参数对脱粒效果的影响规律及最优参数组合,进行了多目标优化试验。以滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、凹板筛分离间隙及喂入量作为影响因素,以破碎率、损失率、脱出物含杂率为试验指标,建立了破碎率、损失率、脱出物含杂率的数学模型。试验结果表明:各因素对破碎率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、凹板筛脱粒间隙、导流板角度、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙;对脱出物含杂率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙;对损失率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙。通过多目标参数优化分析,确定装置进行小麦脱粒的最优作业参数组合为脱粒滚筒转速905 r/min、导流板角度69°、凹板筛脱粒间隙18 mm、凹板筛分离间隙19 m...     

池-田蓄引水模式改善环渤海棉田水盐运移提高棉花产量

为探明环渤海“池-田”蓄引水模式下棉田水盐运移规律对棉花生产的影响,2017和2018年4－10月对未改造棉田（CK）及模式中的台田（A）、浅层地下水抽提棉田（B）、抑盐排涝棉田（C）进行土壤水分、盐分和pH值、棉花光合指标、产量进行测定,结果表明,模式中棉田0～80 cm土层盐分和pH值显著降低,A和B棉田盐分降至3.0 g/kg左右,pH值低于8.0;C棉田盐分低于5.0 g/kg,7－8月pH值低于8.0。A棉田土壤水分、盐分和pH值最低,滴灌条件下棉花光合性能长期保持高值,光合物质积累的直线增长持续时间和活跃期最长,籽棉产量超过3 500 kg/hm2。B棉田水分0～40 cm土层高于20%,光合性能高值较长,籽棉产量超过3 000 kg/hm2。C棉花7－8月光合性能明显提高,籽棉产量超过2 500 kg/hm2。环渤海“池-田”蓄引水模式显著改善棉田水盐运移,有利于棉花生产,从而提高产量。研究可为高效开发利用滨海盐碱地提供科学模式和理论基础。