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91.
Rachel C. Murray Vet. MB PhD Bridget L. Roberts BVMS Michael C. Schramme Dr. Med. Vet. PhD Sue J. Dyson Vet. MB PhD Marion Branch BSc 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(2):103-111
Injury of the distal aspect of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) is a recognized cause of lameness, but diagnosis is difficult. This study aimed to improve understanding of DDFT morphology and pathology using retrospective evaluation of magnetic resonance (MR) images. We hypothesized that: (1) The distal aspect of the DDFT in normal horses would have a repeatable proximal/distal pattern and symmetry between limbs and between lobes; (2) DDFT dimensions would be related to bodyweight, navicular bone dimensions and hoof size; (3) this symmetry and pattern would be lost in DDFT injury; and (4) DDFT size would increase with injury. MR images of 64 live horse limbs, 26 with no identified DDFT lesion and 38 with identified DDFT abnormalities, and 19 normal cadaver limbs were analyzed. Using standardized transverse images, measurements of DDFT cross-sectional area, medial-lateral (ML) width and dorsal-palmar depth were obtained at six preselected sites. A uniform distal to proximal shape pattern was identified in all horses. The flattened crescent shape at the insertion changed to a deeper bilobed shape more proximally, with the mid-navicular area having the greatest cross-sectional area. Strong ML (P < 0.0006) and left/right symmetry (P < 0.02) were observed. In addition, there was a strong association between DDFT cross-sectional area and horse weight (P = 0.005) and between DDFT and navicular bone ML width (P = 0.004). Symmetry between sides or between lobes was lost at sites with a unilateral lesion and correlation between horse weight and DDFT cross-sectional area was lost in the presence of lesions. DDFTs with core lesions had a consistent increase in cross-sectional area overall, but other lesion types had no significant increase in size. The shape and symmetry seen in normal tendons could be related to the mechanical demands placed upon individual lobes. The limited increase in cross-sectional area with injury may be explained by the restrictive structures of the hoof, possibly explaining the ongoing pain seen in such lesions. 相似文献
92.
Massimo Vignoli DR. MED. VET. SRV Stefanie Ohlerth DR. MED. VET. Federica Rossi DR. MED. VET. SRV Luigi Pozzi PROF. DR. MED. VET. Rossella Terragni DR. MED. VET. Daniele Corlazzoli DR. MED. VET. Barbara Kaser-Hotz PROF. DR. MED. Vet 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(2):125-130
In humans, free-hand computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy is an accurate method to obtain a tissue sample. There are only a few reports of this technique in veterinary medicine. In the present study, 21 dogs and two cats underwent a free-hand CT-guided tissue-core biopsy (17 animals) or fine-needle aspiration (six animals) of a bone lesion. Two out of 17 tissue-core samples were also cultured. All 17 tissue-core biopsy samples were diagnostic (accuracy of 100%). Five out of six aspirates were diagnostic (accuracy of 83.3%). The overall accuracy was 95.7%. In one aspirate, cytologic quality was insufficient containing only blood. No major complications were encountered. Fourteen neoplastic, two infectious and six benign lesions were diagnosed. CT examination after intravenous contrast medium added useful information to avoid large vessels and to biopsy-viable tissue. Free-hand CT-guided tissue-core biopsy and aspiration appears to be a safe and very accurate procedure for use in the diagnosis of bone-associated diseases in small animals. 相似文献
93.
Michaela Gumpenberger Dr. Med. Vet. Oliver Hochwartner Mag. Med. Vet. Gerhard Loupal Prof. Dr. Med. Vet. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(2):139-142
This case report describes the radiographic, ultrasonographic and computed tomographic (CT) examination of an abdominal swelling in a Red Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus Cuvier, 1829). While radiography only demonstrated caudoventral compression of the swimbladder, ultrasonography found a huge tumor-like parenchyma in the caudal abdomen. CT studies detected a possible connection between the tumor and the kidneys. Necropsy and pathohistology were performed. A papillary-cystic adenoma of the kidney was diagnosed. 相似文献
94.
K. Zebisch Dr. Med. Vet. M.-E. Krautwald-Junghanns Prof. Dr. Med. Vet. Habil DECAMS J. Willuhn Dr. Med. Vet. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(3):241-246
In this study, 30 pigeons (Columba livia forma domestica) and 30 quails (Coturnix coturnix) were used to evaluate the diagnostic practicability and relevance of an ultrasound-conducted liver biopsy. Their body weight ranged between 144 and 603g. Considering anatomical peculiarities, the lateral (pigeons) or ventro-median (quails) access was chosen. In the case of the pigeons, 29 (96.7%) biopsies proved clearly to be liver tissue, while in the case of the smaller quails, 19 (63.3%) samples could be clearly identified as liver tissue. All animals but one quail survived the intervention. The blood chemical parameters varied before and after the biopsy within the physiological range. These results show that ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in avian patients is generally possible and with strict indication and conscientious application can be considered as a relatively risk free and diagnostically sensible addition to liver diagnostic in birds. An aimed collection of focal hepatic alterations is conceivable depending on the size of the patient. 相似文献
95.
Miriam Kleiter Dr. Med. Vet. David E. Malarkey DVM PhD David E. Ruslander DVM Donald E. Thrall DVM PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(3):255-260
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme upregulated in some human and animal tumors. Enzymatic products are associated with tumorigenic activities. Given the poor response of canine nasal tumors to radiation, we considered the possibility that some of this resistance may be associated with COX-2 expression. To test this, 21 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and archived biopsy samples from canine epithelial nasal tumors were analyzed for COX-2 expression using immunohistochemistry. The biopsies were collected from dogs prior to radiation therapy. COX-2 expression was present in 17 of 21 (81%) tumors. The expression was observed in several different tumor types, including nasal carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas. Samples from five control dogs without nasal neoplasia were also analyzed for COX-2 staining. These specimens were characterized by varying degrees of lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis with scattered regions of COX-2 positive respiratory epithelial and stromal cells. Whether the intensity and distribution of COX-2 expression in nasal tumors can be used as a prognostic marker requires further investigation. A combination therapy of irradiation and a selective COX-2 inhibitor appears worthy of clinical investigation in the treatment of canine epithelial nasal tumors. 相似文献
96.
Gernot Scharf Dr. Med. Vet. Peter Deplazes Dr. Med. Vet. Barbara Kaser-Hotz Dr. Med. Vet. Luc Borer Dr. Med. Vet. reas Hasler Dr. Med. Vet. Markus Haller Dr. Med. Vet. Mark Flückiger Dr. Med. Vet. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(5):411-418
Alveolar echinococcosis is a rare metacestodal infection of humans and domestic animals with Echinococcus multilocularis and predominantly affects the liver. In humans, diagnosis is based on serology, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), techniques that have not yet been validated for the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in dogs. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the radiographic, ultrasonographic, and CT appearance of canine alveolar echinococcosis. Eleven dogs with confirmed alveolar echinococcosis (PCR or histology from biopsy material of metacestode tissue) diagnosed between 1995 and 2003 were included in the study. The age of the dogs at initial presentation ranged from 7 months to 10.5 years. Abdominal radiographs were made in nine animals, abdominal ultrasonography was performed in 10 dogs, and two CT studies in one dog, respectively. The history, clinical presentation, and laboratory findings for the 11 dogs were unspecific, the most frequent clinical finding being nonpainful progressive abdominal distention. All radiographed dogs had large liver masses; they contained small mineralizations in five. The most frequent ultrasonographic finding was multiple large cavitary masses with or without wall mineralizations. Seven animals received surgical and subsequent medical therapy with albendazole (10mg/kg) and all went into clinical remission. This study reviewed for the first time imaging findings associated with alveolar echinococcosis. The disease has to be included in the list of differential diagnoses in dogs with large, cavitary liver masses, particularly when mineralization is noted. 相似文献
97.
Sibylle Kneissl Dr. Med. Vet. Alexander Probst Dr. Med. Vet. Martin Konar Mag. Med. Vet. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(6):520-522
A series of low-field magnetic resonance images of the normal canine middle and inner ear are presented to serve as a reference. A completely balanced steady-state gradient echo pulse sequence with a slice thickness of 0.9 mm can be used to acquire images of the relevant structures within and neighboring the inner ear. These were the cochlear duct, semicircular ducts, vestibule, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, as well as the temporal sinus. Within the middle ear, no applied sequence was able to allow identification of the auditory ossicles or the tympanic membrane. 相似文献
98.
Allison L. Zwingenberger DVM Tobias Schwarz MA Dr. Med. Vet. H. Mark Saunders VMD MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(1):27-32
Helical computed tomographic (CT) angiography was performed in 16 dogs with known or suspected portosystemic shunts. Fifteen portosystemic shunts were detected including five single intrahepatic shunts, five single extrahepatic shunts, and five multiple extrahepatic shunts. One dog had a normal CT examination. All diagnoses were confirmed by one or several alternate methods including ultrasound, surgery, necropsy, angiography, and liver biopsy. CT detected the origin of 13 of 15 portosystemic shunts and insertion of 13 of 15 shunts. Limitations included inability to resolve two vessels originating very close to each other, and identification of vessels that traveled parallel to the axial image plane. CT angiography is a promising, minimally invasive method of diagnosing a variety of portosystemic shunts in dogs. 相似文献
99.
Alexander Probst Dr. Med. Vet. Wolfgang Henninger Dr. Med. Vet. DipECVDI Michael Willmann Dr. Med. Vet. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(1):44-48
Heads from 15 male and female horses of various breeds and ages were examined with computed tomography under general anesthesia in dorsal recumbency. The main interest was the evaluation of the entire paranasal sinus system. Special attention was paid to the location, size, and shape of the conchomaxillary, nasomaxillary, frontomaxillary, and sphenopalatinal openings. The frontomaxillary opening was the largest aperture and was found to be age-dependent in size mostly. Orientation and shape of the openings were sagittal or horizontal; the narrowest of them was the slit-like nasomaxillary aperture. The thickness of the vascularized mucous membranes in the nasal cavity was obtained up to 6 mm; the surface was smooth and well defined. The paranasal lining was invisible in computed tomography (CT) images because of its thin layer. CT proved to be a very useful method for documentation of the paranasal openings and for evaluation of the state of the mucous membranes in the nasal and paranasal cavities. 相似文献
100.
Transabdominal ultrasonography was performed to visualize the development of intraocular structures of both eyes of four different fetuses in each of two pregnant beagles. Postnatally the development of both eyes of 11 pups was visualized with ultrasonography. Furthermore, biometric measurements of the length of the eye, the depth of cornea, the anterior chamber, the lens (anteroposterior depth and equatorial diameter), and the vitreous body of the fetuses and pups were obtained when these structures could be identified with ultrasonography. In all fetuses the eyes with lens, vitreous body, hyaloid artery, and scleroretinal rim could be clearly identified from day 37 of pregnancy. Postnatally also the cornea, anterior chamber, iris, ciliary body, and optic disc were visible. Biometric measurements revealed, both pre- and postnatally, a continuous growth of the depth of the eye, anterior chamber, lens (anteroposterior depth and equatorial diameter), and vitreous body. 相似文献