Poisoning of horses by bamboo, Bambusa vulgaris

The clinical and pathological aspects of a neurological disease observed in 16 horses in Pará, Amazonia, Brazil, are presented. The symptoms were mainly motor incoordination, paresis of the tongue, somnolence, difficulties in apprehension, chewing and swallowing of food, as well as instability and standing with abducted members. The clinical course was subacute or chronic and in most cases was not fatal. Postmortem examination performed in one already very sick, euthanized animal, did not show significant macroscopic lesions; histopathological examination revealed slight edema and degenerative alterations of a few axons, mainly in the medulla oblongata. In all pastures where horses were affected, plenty of bamboo had been eaten, probably because of scarcity of pasture. By feeding large amounts of fresh bamboo leaves of this region, in different growing stages, to three horses (horse 1, 47 g/kg/d for 30 days; horse 2, 10 g/kg/d for 60 days; horse 3, 18 g/kg on the first day, and 31 g/kg/d for 6 more days)—the animals ate the leaves unassisted—it was possible to reproduce nervous symptoms essentially identical to those observed in the natural disease 24 to 72 hours after the first feeding of the plant. In spite of continuous administration of the plant, intensity of the clinical signs did not increase. Based on field observations and comparison of the clinical and pathological pictures seen in the natural and experimental disease, the described illness can be concluded to be caused by the ingestion of large amounts of the leaves of Bambusa vulgaris f. vulgaris.     

Considerations on ethics and animal welfare in extensive pig production: Breeding and fattening Iberian pigs

The extensive pig production in Spain is traditionally characterised by: the use of the Iberian pig, an autochthonous breed perfectly integrated into the environment in which they have developed; a long duration of the productive cycle for about 23–24 months; a high level of animal welfare level, specially in the fattening process with freedom of movement and feeding base on natural sources: acorns and grass, and an equilibrated “dehesa” agro-forestry system where this activity has been developed. Nowadays, the introduction of more intensificated methods due to the increasing demand led to important changes, such as: the shortening of the productive cycle (10–12 months); freeing from the territorial base; changes during the fattening period, fattening with mixed feed and less animal freedom. All these facts may implicate a loss of the animal welfare condition. These circumstances lead us to question it from an ethical point of view.     

百合LfMADS基因植物表达载体的构建及其功能分析

 为了分析百合LfMADS1和LfMADS3基因的功能，分别将其正、反义基因插入到植物组成型双元载体pBin438中，并通过根癌农杆菌LBA4404介导转化烟草。PCR和PCR-Southern杂交结果均证明外源基因已经插入到烟草基因组中。转LfMASD1反义基因植株中1朵花的雄蕊极短、花药缺失；转LfMASD1正义基因植株中发现1个花萼变瓣的突变体。在转LfMASD3反义基因植株中发现1个植株的苞叶部分瓣化，花柄变短，另外1个植株上发现1朵花缺失1枚雄蕊；而转LfMASD3正义基因植株中没有发现变异。作者认为LfMASD1是百合花器官发育的B功能基因，LfMASD3是百合花器官发育的SEP基因，这些基因在烟草中的表现说明百合的花器官特性基因的表达模式与模式植物有所不同。     

宁夏农业可持续发展评价及空间分异

农业是人类的衣食之源,生存之本,是国家向前发展的基石。因此,从多角度分析研究农业发展水平、空间分异,对区域农业可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。以宁夏回族自治区为例,从人口子系统、经济子系统、社会子系统、资源环境子系统等4个维度构建宁夏农业可持续发展评价指标体系,采用熵值法、综合加权求和模型、三维趋势分析、探索性空间数据分析(ESDAGIS)方法,研究了2010—2014年宁夏农业可持续发展。结果表明:总体上宁夏农业可持续发展水平处于波动上升的趋势,南北方向上递增,东西方向呈"倒U型"分布;农业可持续发展表现出空间自相关模式,主要集中在"高高型"和"低低型"象限,其中"高高型"主要分布在银川市、永宁县、平罗县等北部引黄灌区,"低低型"主要集中在南部山区和中部干旱带,根据不同的区域农业可持续发展状况提出相应的对策建议。     

环割是芒果树的一项促花保果的关键措施

随着我国对外经济技术交流的日益扩大,将有越来越多的农业科技人员走出国门、走向非洲,而非洲多数国家的热带果树中,芒果是最为普遍的果树之一。通过在尼日利亚东北区的包奇市从事芒果技术工作的3年中,对于芒果促花保果的措施进行了初步的探索。经过试验基本明确了在类似包奇市的生态区域内,进行环割是芒果树上的一项促花保果的关键措施,环割的时期以9月上、中旬为宜。     

Effect of chitosan-based edible coatings applied by vacuum impregnation on quality preservation of fresh-cut carrot

Edible coatings based on high molecular weight chitosan, pure or combined with methylcellulose or oleic acid, were applied to fresh-cut carrots cv. Nantesa by simple immersion and by applying a vacuum pulse (5 kPa for 4 min). Water vapour resistance, colour, mechanical properties and respiration rates of non-coated and coated samples were determined. Coatings improved sample appearance, since they diminished the occurrence of the white blush during storage. When applied by simple immersion, they neither conferred significant barrier properties nor the preservation of the mechanical properties of fresh-cut carrot samples. In contrast, coating application with a vacuum pulse enhanced all the positive effects, since the resistance of water vapour transmission of the samples was significantly improved, and better preservation of the sample colour and mechanical response during cold storage was obtained. Differences in film composition did not significantly affect the coating behaviour, probably due to the variability induced by different factors when coatings were applied to the carrot surface.     

全基因组SNP分型技术在畜禽遗传育种研究中的应用

随着畜禽资源分子鉴定、物种进化、全基因组育种等热点领域的逐渐兴起,准确的全基因组SNP分型成为了畜禽基因组研究的关键。基因芯片、重测序、简化基因组测序及靶向捕获测序等全基因组SNP分型技术已广泛应用于畜禽基因组研究中。本文概述了全基因组SNP分型技术的原理及其在全基因组关联分析、选择信号分析和畜禽遗传资源背景分析等方面的应用,以期为畜禽基因组研究和育种应用提供借鉴和参考。     

萃取大红袍花椒挥发油的研究

利用超临界CO2萃取装置，采用动态萃取的方法，研究了压力、温度、萃取时间等因子对花椒挥发油萃取的影响，为规模化生产及其相关研究提供了科学依据。研究表明，样品200g粒度40目，最佳的萃取条件为：压力33MPa，温度55℃，时间1．0h，花椒挥发油萃取率为10．2％。气-质联用分析花椒挥发油结果表明，挥发油为3-甲基-2氮杂芴、γ-萜品烯、3-蒈烯等31种化舍物组成。其中3-甲基-2-氮杂芴含量最高，达到18．63％。     

赤峰市木本植物资源的研究

赤峰市共有木本植物278种,隶属于44科,92属.其中裸子植物3科,7属,17种;被子植物41科,85属,261种;野生植物种222种,常见栽培种56种.     

Red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) management in the dehesa system in Central Extremadura,Spain

In this paper we report the results of a study on the suitability of the dehesa (Mediterranean woodlands) as habitat of red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in a closed country estate of about 4300 ha total surface situated in the San Pedro Mountain, in Central Extremadura, Spain. We have described the deer management with respect to habitat, exploitation mode, deer feeding, population control and production of goods and services. It is concluded that the dehesa system is a rich natural resource that preserves and improves the degraded environment.

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Resumen En el presente trabajo se estudia la dehesa como hábitat del ciervo (Cervus elaphus hispanicus). Se ha tomado como referencia una finca cerrada de 4300 ha de ST situada en la Sierra de San Pedro, en Extremadura, España. Se describen los sistemas de gestión actuales del ciervo en cuanto a hábitat, modo de explotación, alimentación, control de población y producción de bienes y servicios. Concluyendo con la necesidad de fomentar este tipo de explotaciones cinegéticas de dehesa que ayudan a conservar y potenciar el medio ambiente en zonas despobladas y deprimidas

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Abbreviations CS collected surface - DMFCU deedmixed feed cattle units - Fi final inventory - FS fertilized surface - Ii Initial inventory - K Potassium - N Nitrogen - NBF number of breeding females - NBFIi number of breeding females of initial inventory - NBFR number of breeding females released - NBM number of breeding males - NBMIi number of breeding males of initial inventory - NBMR number of breeding males released - NCCR number of captive calves released - NCFi number of calves of final inventory - NCR number of calves released - NFR number of female renovation - NYMR number of young males released - NYFR number of young females released - P phosphorus - PP permanent Pastures - pts pesetas - QS Quercus stalks - RDED resources directly eaten by deer - SPOM selected hunted down poor quality males - SS sowed surface - TN total needs of deer - TNR total number released - UAS useable agrarian surface - WB wooded brush - WQS wooded Quercus surface - WS wooded surface