Lactate Kinetics in veterinary Critical Care: A Review

Elevation in blood lactate concentration, with or without accompanying metabolic acidosis, is a hallmark finding in patients with circulatory compromise, and is also consistently noted in other conditions affecting critically ill or injured individuals. Little is reported in a veterinary literature regarding lactate measurement in the emergency and critical care setting, despite impressive reports of the clinical usefulness of lactate measurement in people. The purpose of this article is to review lactate kinetics and the clinical utility of lactate measurement. Limitations to lactate evaluation will also be discussed.     

Pathotypes of Synchytrium endobioticum in Germany

Results are given of a survey on the occurrence of pathotypes (races) of Synchytrium endobioticum (potato wart) in both parts of re-unified Germany. An assortment of six differential cultivars appears to be sufficient to distinguish between the seven presently important German wart pathotypes. A total of ten pathotypes was recorded. Two West and two East German pathotypes seem to be identical, based on the results obtained with presently available cultivars. In contrast to pathotype 1 (common race) which prior to 1945 was distributed over the whole German territory, the 'new' pathotypes seem to prefer the central and south German mountain areas.     

O,O-二烷基-N-莰-2-基(硫)磷酰胺酯的合成

合成了14个含有 N-莰-2-基的磷酰胺和硫代磷酰胺类化合物,用红外、核磁及元素分析确定其结构,并探讨了~(31)Pδ值的规律性变化。初步生物试验表明,磷酰胺类化合物对水稻发芽具有明显的抑制作用,其中化合物Ⅱ1的活性大于对照药剂抗倒胺但低于多效唑。     

Hemostatic defects associated with two infusion rates of dextran 70 in dogs.

We investigated changes in hemostatic function after infusion of 6% dextran 70 (high molecular weight dextran) at 2 rates. Six healthy dogs underwent 3 regimens: 20 ml of dextran/kg of body weight administered in 1 hour (trial A), 20 ml of dextran/kg administered in 30 minutes (trial B), and 0.9% sodium chloride solution as a control administered over 1 hour to achieve hemodilution equivalent to that for 20 ml of dextran/kg (trial C). Before and at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the start of trials A and B, we measured PCV, total solids (TS) concentration, amount of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag), factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C), prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), platelet retention in a glass bead column, and buccal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT). Values were not obtained at 8 and 24 hours for trial C. Saline-induced changes in hemostasis were significant (P less than 0.05) from baseline throughout the sample collection period. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) between trial A and control were observed for vWf:Ag, VIII:C, BMBT, APTT, TS, and PCV values at 2 hours, and for VIII:C at 4 hours. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) between trial B and control were observed for APTT, TS, and PCV values at 2 hours, and for vWf:Ag, VIII:C, BMBT, APTT, TS, and PCV values at 4 hours. During trials A and B, mean values of analytes infrequently deviated from reference intervals, and clinical signs of bleeding were not observed in any dog.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of 'Agri-SC' soil conditioner on soil structure and erodibility: some further observations

Abstract. In field and laboratory experiments the conditioner‘Agri-SC’has shown improvements in the structure of loamy sand soils in east Shropshire, UK. It resulted in statistically significant decreases in soil bulk density values and increases in soil porosity and aggregate stability. Further experiments are in progress on both loamy sand and silt loam soils.     

Follicullar Development and Embryo Recovery Following 3 versus 8 FSH Injections in Heifers

Ovarian follicular dynamics and embryo yield were studied during 2 different FSH regimens for superovulation of cattle. Twenty heifers were given intramuscular injections of FSH (total of 35 mg NIH) either once daily for 3 days (Group 3×1) or twice daily for 4 days (Group 4×2). At 72 h after the first FSH injection, each animal was injected with 0.75 mg cloprostenol. Inseminations were performed at 12 h and 24 h after the onset of heat. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed on the day of the first FSH injection, the day of cloprostenol injection, the day of insemination and finally on the day of embryo recovery (day 6 or 7 after heat). The numbers of small (2–4 mm), medium (5–9 mm) and large (>10 mm) size follicles were recorded. The total number of corpora lutea, eggs and transferable embryos were recorded on the day of embryo recovery. No differences were found between the 2 groups in either of the parameters studied (p>0.05). It can be concluded that treatment with this FSH preparation once daily for 3 days gives a folliculogenic and superovulatory response similar to a treatment regimen where it is given twice daily for 4 days.     

Weed management strategies for the control of Rottboellia cochinchinensis in maize in Trinidad

Summary. A weed management strategy for the control of Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton in maize, based on reducing the level of spikelet germination from the seedbank and reducing the intensity of weed-crop interference, was conducted over two seasons. The management practices evaluated included chemical control (atrazine, metolachlor, pendimethalin, EPTC), cultural control (straw mulch), mechanical control (inter-row cultivation) and biological control (living mulch). The results indicated that the various management practices had no effect on the growth and development of the crop but significantly affected the weed. The pendimethalin (1°5 kg a.i. ha⁻¹) and inter-row cultivation (14 and 28 days after planting) treatments gave satisfactory control of the weed in the crop over the duration of the critical period of weed competition. All other treatments were ineffective. All management practices made significant contributions to the weed seedbank, thus ensuring the predominance of the weed.     

Factors affecting the cropping potential of reinstated soils

Abstract. Comparisons of crop production on recently reinstated soil in Northumberland have shown that the reduced yield potential of such soil may not be inevitable. Storage of soil in bunds did not greatly reduce subsequent crop yields, but failure to drain the land did. Provided an effective drainage scheme was installed, arable and grass crops could be grown successfully, responding very well to additions of nitrogen fertilizer and other normal good husbandry practices. To date it seems that neither deep cultivation nor the use of grass leys were as effective in the restoration process as had been expected.