鱼油乳状液的制备及其流变特性研究

采用食品级Span系列乳化剂和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)水溶液经超声乳化制备鱼油乳状液,比较了乳化剂、CMC浓度、油水比、超声乳化次数等工艺参数对鱼油乳液稳定性的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数:鱼油和Span80(质量比9:1)为油相,0.5%CMC溶液为水相,油水比1:2,超声乳化10次(每次超声5 s、间歇5 s).上述条件制备的乳液,静置24 h和3000 r·min-1离心5 min平均相对体积分别为99.78%和98.32%.显微镜下观察形态均一,乳液平均粒径约为5μm.稳态扫描结果表明鱼油乳液呈现典型的剪切变稀流变行为,频率扫描结果表明鱼油乳液具有一定的粘弹性.     

Material in the middle ear of dogs having magnetic resonance imaging for investigation of neurologic signs

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential significance of finding material in the middle ear of dogs having magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Of 466 MR studies reviewed, an increased signal was identified in the tympanic bulla in 32 (7%) dogs. Cavalier King Charles spaniels, Cocker spaniels, Bulldogs, and Boxers were over-represented compared to the population of dogs having MR imaging. Five (16%) dogs had definite otitis media and one (3%) had a meningioma invading the middle ear. Of the remaining dogs, 13 (41%) had possible otitis media and 13 (41%) had neurologic conditions apparently unrelated to otitis media. The most common appearance of material in the middle ear was isointense in T1-weighted images and hyperintense in T2-weighted images. There was no apparent correlation between the signal characteristics of the material and the diagnosis. Enhanced signal after gadolinium administration was observed affecting the lining of the bulla in dogs with otitis media and in dogs with unrelated neurologic conditions. In dogs without clinical signs of otitis media, finding an increased signal in the middle ear during MR imaging may reflect subclinical otitis media or fluid accumulation unrelated to inflammation. Brachycephalic dogs may be predisposed to this condition.     

添加糖蜜和乙酸对西藏发酵全混合日粮青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性影响

为研究乙酸和糖蜜对发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)品质及有氧稳定性的影响,试验以全混合日粮(TMR)为发酵原料,设对照组、乙酸(A)、糖蜜(M)、乙酸和糖蜜组合添加(AM)4个处理,发酵45 d后分析FTMR的发酵品质,同时将所有FTMR暴露到空气中,分别在第6,9和12天取样评定其有氧稳定性。结果表明,与对照相比,A和AM组降低了乳酸含量(P>0.05),各组仅检测到微量的丙酸、少量的丁酸和较低的氨态氮/总氮,表明各组FTMR发酵品质均良好。有氧暴露6 d后,各组乳酸、乙酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量均呈不同程度的下降,对照和M组pH值在第12 天显著(P<0.05)上升至5.70和6.50,具有较高的氨态氮/总氮和酵母菌数量。而A和AM组乳酸含量均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,且好氧性微生物和酵母菌数量在整个有氧暴露的过程中始终维持在较低水平,有氧暴露12 d后pH值仍维持在4.50左右,延长了有氧稳定时间。综合考虑,为了获得品质优良的FTMR饲料,可在TMR中添加0.3%乙酸,既不影响发酵品质,也可提高其有氧稳定性。     

Estriolum Treatment in the Bitch: A Risk for Uterine Infection?

Purulent vaginal discharge in a bitch in which ovariohysterectomy has been performed is often caused by inflammation of the uterine stump. The inflammation is due to either cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) induced primarily by progesterone from remnant ovarian tissue or exogenous progestagens, or it is due to the presence of unabsorbed suture material. This report describes a 9-year-old Irish setter with hemopurulent vaginal discharge and non-pruritic symmetrical alopecia, which had undergone ovariohysterectomy 3.5 years ago and which had been treated with estriolum daily for the past 2.5 years because of urinary incontinence. Vaginoscopy revealed hemopurulent discharge throughout the vagina and vestibule. Cytological examination of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies of a large mass in the hypogastricum, which appeared to be the uterine cervical stump, revealed septic purulent inflammation. The concentration of plasma progesterone was low and the concentration of plasma 17-ß oestradiol did not increase after gonadotrophin-releasing hormone administration. No remnant ovarian tissue was found by abdominal ultrasonography, laparotomy, or histological examination of mesovarian pedicles. Laparotomy revealed uterine stump empyema. Histological examination of the surgically removed mass excluded both CEH and unabsorbed suture material as the cause of the stump empyema. Instead, it is hypothesized that the long-term treatment with estriolum was a causative factor. This suggests that bitches treated with estriolum should be examined regularly.     

猪圆环病毒2型Taqman探针法实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）是一种引起仔猪Sus scrofa多系统衰竭综合征、免疫抑制、皮肤肾病综合征等疾病的病原体。根据GenBank中PCV2 ORF1基因序列设计合成特异性引物和探针,以PCV2基因组DNA为模板,通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增目的片段,并将目的片段克隆至pMD18-T载体,构建阳性标准品。以阳性标准品为模板,优化荧光定量PCR反应条件,建立标准曲线,进行灵敏性、重复性和特异性验证,并应用此方法对临床样品进行检测。结果表明:阳性质粒标准品构建成功,该检测方法的引物与探针的最佳浓度皆为0.2 μmol·L-1,线性检测范围为2.1×1013~2.1×106拷贝·L-1,最低检测限值为8.828×106拷贝·L-1,且与其他相关疾病无交叉反应;各批次检测变异系数低,检测方法稳定性好。本研究建立的敏感性高、特异性好的实时荧光定量PCR方法,为PCV2的快速检测提供了新工具。     

超黑糯玉米杂交后代色素分布规律研究

以超黑糯玉米自交系I46和白糯玉米自交系BN13杂交后F_2代种子产生的果穗群体为供试材料,通过观察子粒颜色、溶剂提取色素和紫外分光光度测定等方法研究超黑糯玉米杂交后代色素分布规律。结果表明,在黑糯玉米杂交F_2代产生的果穗中,子粒颜色出现分离,主要表现为全黑、红黑、红色、棕黄、金黄和白色。在金黄色玉米子粒中类胡萝卜素含量最高,显著高于其他颜色的玉米子粒;类胡萝卜素含量最少的为白色玉米。在全黑色玉米子粒中花色苷的含量显著高于其他颜色玉米子粒;在白色、金黄色玉米子粒中没有检测到花色苷。     

新疆甜菜常见病害调查及防治对策

根据近几年对新疆博州地区甜菜病害的调查研究表明,目前糖用甜菜上危害严重的病害主要有:立枯病、根腐病、褐斑病、白粉病、蛇眼病。通过对这几种病害的发病条件、危害情况及防治方法的调查分析,提出针对性的防治对策。     

杂种小麦品质性状的性状相关和主成分分析

为了探究化杀杂交小麦品质性状在不同世代的表现,以4个品质不同小麦品种组配的4个杂交组合为材料,对杂种F₁代(杂交当代种子)和F₂代(F₁代植株上的自交种子)及其亲本的籽粒品质性状和面团品质性状进行了杂种优势、亲子相关、性状相关和主成分分析。结果表明:(1)杂种小麦 F₁代品质性状的杂种优势远远大于F₂代杂种优势,杂种小麦F₂代存在较强的面团品质杂种优势;(2)在小麦品质改良过程中,以籽粒硬度和蛋白质含量作为选择指标,有利于筛选出高面筋含量、高沉淀值以及蛋白质品质和磨粉品质优良的基因型;(3)在杂种早代选择籽粒蛋白质含量时不能忽视低亲的影响,要提高杂种F₂代的沉淀值,关键是提高高亲和中亲的水平;(4)通过主成分分析可以将F₂代8个品质性状综合成2个主成分因子。