竹炭陶土复合材料的制备和结构性能表征

以竹炭粉、陶土为主要原料,经混合、成型、干燥和煅烧等工艺制得竹炭陶土复合材料(以下称竹炭陶),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、拉曼光谱测试仪(Raman)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和比表面积测试仪等仪器,对竹炭陶的微晶构造、孔隙结构、吸附和红外辐射性能等进行表征。结果表明:竹炭微粒镶嵌在陶土基体中,保留原有以中孔为主的孔隙结构和类石墨化晶体结构,获得的竹炭陶具有较大的比表面积和中孔为主的孔隙结构,能有效地吸附甲醛、苯等有害气体。加入一定量的竹炭能提高竹炭陶的远红外发射率,其红外发射率均高于陶土和竹炭,结合红外吸收光谱谱图分析,竹炭陶具有高红外发射率的本质在于具有倍频吸收、分子基团振动、转动及晶格振动。     

Hepatoprotective and TNF-α inhibitory activity of Zosima absinthifolia extracts and coumarins

Zosima absinthifolia (ZA) extracts and the coumarins (+)-columbianadin and (-)-deltoin were evaluated for their potential hepatoprotective and antiinflamatory effects in a CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity assay in rats and by the inhibition of TNF-α production on LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages, respectively. Both the ZA extracts and the coumarins showed hepatoprotective activity confirmed by monitoring the ALT/AST levels and by histopathological examination. The antiinflamatory activity, proved by the inhibition of TNF-α production, was found to be higher for the n-hexane root extract than for coumarins, suggesting synergic potential of the extract. The concentration of (-)-deltoin and (+)-columbianadin in extracts was determined by HPLC analysis.     

Molecular genetic and chemical assessment of radix Angelica (Danggui) in China

The roots of Angelica sinensis (Danggui), a traditional Chinese medicine, have been used for invigorating blood circulation for over 2000 years in China. Three common species of Angelica roots are found in Asia: A. sinensis from China, A. acutiloba from Japan, and A. gigas from Korea. By using a molecular genetic approach, the 5S-rRNA spacer domains of the three species of Angelica were amplified, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Diversity in DNA sequences among various species was found in their 5S-rRNA spacer domains, which could serve as markers for authentic identification of Angelica roots. In chemical analyses, the main constituents of Angelica roots including ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide were determined by HPLC; roots of A. sinensis were clearly distinct in that they contained approximately 10-fold higher levels of ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide as compared to roots of A. acutiloba and A. gigas. In addition, the amounts of main constituents in roots of A. sinensis varied according to different regions of cultivation and different methods of preservation. The chemical profile determined by HPLC therefore could serve as a fingerprint for quality control of Angelica roots.     

江苏省土壤钾素的供应能力与钾肥施用问题

随着我国农业生产的不断发展,复种指数和单位面积产量的不断提高,南方不少地区施用钾肥已成为夺取高产稳产的重要条件之一,有关土壤钾素状况和钾肥施用问题愈来愈受到人们的重视.江苏省地处我国南北的过渡带,其土壤是否缺钾,钾肥的需要程度如何,是生产实践上有待明确的一个问题.     

青海共和盆地土壤类型及其分布特点

位于海南藏族自治州共和县和兴海县的共和盆地,是青海省主要的粮油产地之一.我们于1962—1965年及1976—1980年间,曾分别在切吉、恰卜恰等地进行土壤调查和定位观察研究.兹将这个地区的土壤类型和分布特点,简述如下.     

籼型三系杂稻品质性状的配合力及遗传力分析

以3个不育系川香29A(A1)、珍汕97A(A2)、Ⅱ-32A(A3)和8个新恢复系为亲本,按不完全双列杂交模式分析11个品质性状的配合力及遗传力。结果表明:(1)大多数性状的一般配合力(gca)和特殊配合力(sca)达显著或极显著水平,即受基因加性效应和非加性效应的共同控制,且以加性效应占主导地位(2)精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量3个性状,恢复系对gca方差的贡献比不育系的大,而不育系在粒长、粒宽、长宽比、糙米率、整精米率、垩白率、胶稠度等性状上对gca方差的贡献比恢复系的大。糊化温度这两性状,恢复系和不育系对gca方差的贡献相近。(3)广义遗传力(h2B)降序排序为:粒长、长宽比、垩白率、粒宽、糊化温度、胶稠度、整精米率、糙米率、直链淀粉含量、精米率、垩白度,变幅在93.36%～38.13%之间;狭义遗传力(h2N)降序排序为:粒长、长宽比、垩白率、糙米率、糊化温度、整精米率、垩白度、胶稠度、精米率、直链淀粉含量,变幅在82.3%～17.32%之间。大部分性状的(h2N)与(h2B)的趋势是一致的。(4)gca效应值在同一性状不同亲本间和同一亲本不同性状间均存在显著的差异,亲本中A1、R8、R7较为理想。     

土地生态环境评价指标体系研究及区划应用

以江苏生态省建设和土地利用规划修编为契机,笔者着重研究了土地利用过程中土地生态环境评价的原则、依据及评价指标体系,主要选取土地生态环境物质输入等4个约束层指标和单位土地面积能耗等17个指标层指标,并依据江苏生态省建设目标对各个指标值在2004年现状基础上做了测算和评价。并依据指标体系,对江苏省进行了土地生态环境区划分,主要分为三级,分别为土地生态区、土地生态亚区和土地生态环境区。     

水稻光周期诱导质变在茎蘖间传导的研究——Ⅱ. 再生蘖光照处理试验

1986年以“南无563”、“早熟农垦58”、“浙场9号”、“盐籼203”为供试品种,进行了再生蘖光照处理试验;1987年对“澄秋5号”品种进行了短日照处理及两段抽穗试验,其试验结果为:a.再生蘖光照处理试验探明,主茎(或母茎)可以于抽穗至成熟阶段将光周期诱导质变传导给地上部伸长节芽;但不能够传导给未伸长节的腋芽或分蘖,传导的迟早因品种而异。b.“澄秋5号”品种在短日处理下分蘖生育期很短,可能是由于其感受光周期诱导的起始叶龄小、穗分化历程短的缘故,并非茎蘖间光周期诱导质变的传导所致,该品种的两段抽穗现象是其茎蘖间光周期诱导质变不能传导的一个重要佐证。