木霉T-115D发酵条件的研究

研究了木霉菌株T-115D的发酵条件,旨在用于木霉生防制剂的工业化生产.结果表明:适宜木霉菌T-115D代谢物质产生的培养液为GPF培养液;适宜的碳、氮源分别为葡萄糖和酒石酸铵;适宜pH为4～7、温度为20～25℃、摇床转速为200 r.min-1.     

基于多层感知器神经网络对遥感融合图像和TM影像进行土地覆盖分类的研究

８０年代以来，人工神经元网络（ＡＮＮ）技术的应用不断向广度和深度发展．用不同空间分辨率的ＴＭ和ＩＲＳ遥感图像进行融合，综合了不同传感器数据所提供的信息，增强了图像的清晰度，改善了解译效果。用多层感知器神经网络对遥感融合图像进行分类，分类精度达９５％，比用多层感知器神经网络对ＴＭ图像进行分类（分类精度达７３％）效果要好．     

农业部在四川成都成功举办第二期兽药GMP检查员培训班进一步加快建设兽药GMP步伐

本刊讯(记者台凡力):为进一步贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》,推动兽药GMP的实施工作,2003年8月23日至28日,农业部第二期兽药GMP检查员培训班在成都胜利举行。农业部畜牧兽医局药品药械管理处处长董义春同志出席了开幕式,并作了讲话。在会上,董处长总结了我国兽药GMP实施进展,并为这期培训班提出了几点要求和希望。董处长指出,我们从呼吁、试点开始已经过去14个年头,现在已经初见成效,从去年开始,兽药GMP的推进工作已经在全面的展开。到目前为止已经验收通过的有68家企业,验收完的还没有批准验收程序的还有3家,也就是说,验收工作结…     

由体外受精囊胚获得ICR小鼠ES细胞

收集鼠卵母细胞和精子，采用体外受精技术，获得早期胚胎。体外培养胚胎至囊胚，分离内细胞团，获得ICR小鼠的ES细胞。结果不但获得了来自体外受精囊胚的ICR小鼠ES细胞，而且表明用体外受精方法获得的小鼠早期胚胎的数量明显大于常规方法，且比较稳定。ICR小鼠ES细胞的获得，为研究小鼠的ES细胞分化提供了条件。     

Boundary Element Methods with Overlapping Domain Decomposition for Parabolic Problem

Boundary element method is a numerical method for solving partial differential equations. There are several formulations of boundary element method (BEM) applied to solve a parabolic differential equation.The approach,which employs time- dependent fundamental solution,allows longer time steps in time integration than other approaches,and this can cut down on time for computer implementation with high precision.Domain decomposition method,which decompose the domain that a given problem is to be solved into subdomains,has the advantages of reducing the large problem into smaller ones and reducing the complex problem into simpler ones,and allows parallel computing.An overlapping domain decomposition method is applied combining a boundary element formulation with time-dependent fundamental solution to solve a diffusion equation. Firstly, by domain decomposition, the problem divided into two problems on subdomains, and then the initial-Boundary problems are solved by boundry element method on each subdomain.Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate feasibility and efficiency of the method. The numerical experiments show that the convergence rate of the method is dependent with the overlapping degree of the subdomains.     

Performance and prediction of potato genotypes tested in international trials

Summary A series of international trials with the potato crop was conducted in eight countries representing widely differing environments. The purpose of the experiments was: (1) to develop a method for obtaining environmental indexes which measure productivity of diverse potato-growing areas, and (2) to construct performance models for individual genotypes based on the environmental indexes. Yield data of 32 genotypes obtained from a series of 13 experiments conducted in the eight countries in 1983 and 1984 were used in the study. The response pattern of the genotypes was studied by a multivariate analysis. Five genotypes were chosen as representatives for different response patterns to the environments and their data were used for calculating a series of independent indexes for each of the experimental sites based on principal component analysis. Performance models for each of the genotypes were constructed by stepwise regression analysis of yields of a genotype on the environmental indexes based on 1983 data. Yield data of 1984 experiments were used to verify the models. Satisfactory correspondence between observed and predicted yields was obtained for most of the genotypes.     

Transmission of resistance to common scab from the diploid to the tetraploid level via 4x-2x crosses in potatoes

Summary Diploid potato clones selected for their reaction to common scab and their ability to produce 2n male gametes were used in a series of crosses to a susceptible tetraploid female parent (cv. Shepody). In addition, two tetraploid clones were also selected for their reaction to common scab and crossed with Shepody as a female parent. Results indicated that resistance to common scab can be effectively transmitted from the diploid to the tetraploid level via 4x-2x crosses. Diploid parents producing 2n pollen via either first division or second division restitution can be used to transmit scab resistance. A relatively small proportion of resistant individuals could be recovered from susceptible x susceptible crosses in both 4x-2x and 4x-4x combinations. The data support a previously developed hypothesis that scab resistance is relatively simply inherited.     

种植密度对黑龙江省不同年代育成大豆品种产量和品质的影响

为了明确黑龙江省不同年代育成大豆品种耐密性的遗传改良效果,选用黑龙江省不同年代育成的5个大豆品种为试验材料,通过田间试验,研究密度对产量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同年代育成品种之间和不同种植密度处理之间产量差异均达到极显著水平,种植密度为30.0万株/hm2条件下,产量增加百分率呈由低到高再降低的单峰曲线变化趋势;密度为37.5万株/hm2条件下,变化趋势与之相反,2种种植密度条件下产量增加百分率与品种育成年代相关均达到显著水平;不同年代育成大豆品种最大种植密度变化为高—低—高的趋势。不同年代育成品种之间和不同种植密度处理之间蛋白质和脂肪含量差异均达到极显著水平;不同年代育成品种在30.0万株/hm2和37.5万株/hm2条件下,蛋白质增加百分率与品种育成年代相关达到显著水平,脂肪含量降低百分率与品种育成年代相关达到显著水平。综上所述,从产量和品质的变化趋势可以看出,黑龙江省不同年代育成大豆品种耐密性呈高—低—高的变化趋势。     

Evaluation of Potato Hybrids Obtained from Tetraploid-Diploid Crosses II. Progeny Analysis

A total of 45 tetraploid-diploid (4x—2x) hybrid progenies were obtained by crossing each of ten diploid parents as males to each of five tetraploid parents. Means of six traits of the 45 progenies obtained from a two-year experiment were used in progeny analysis. A new mathematical model is developed for analyzing the incomplete two-way table. It is modified from the conventional model for factorial mating design. The aim of the model is to evaluate the potential of 2x parents in terms of their mean effects (μ_i) and sensitivity measures (B_i) to the 4x parents. The 4x parents were treated as testers in the model. They were compared by the estimates of the magnitude of tester effects (g_i). The mean effects of 2x parents showed a dominant influence on variation of tuber number and mean tuber weight of the hybrid progenies. They also demonstrated a substantial influence on the variation of total and marketable yield, chipping score and specific gravity. The linear response of 2x parents to 4x parents, however, also showed a substantial influence on the variation of the latter traits. The information on μ_i and B_i are useful in terms of choosing superior 2x parents and, together with gj of 4x parents, 4x—2x progenies for specific traits. The μ_i and B_i estimates of the six traits showed a complicated interrelationship to each other.     

The Use of Multivariate Analyses to Eliminate Redundant Variables when Evaluating Potatoes for Chip Quality

Selection for good chipping clones in potato breeding often takes place during the middle and late selection stages. This is due to the considerable resources needed for the assessment of several characteristics. Objective multivariate methods for the elimination of redundant variables were applied to eight standardized chipping quality traits recorded on advanced clones over 15 years at two locations in New Brunswick, Canada. The clones were evaluated of specific gravity and the following chipping scores: direct from the field in August; after 10 days storage at 13 °C; from 4 °C storage in February; from 4 °C storage in February with 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks reconditioning at 16 °C. Five elimination methods produced a similar deletion order. In every subset obtained, specific gravity and direct chipping from the field were always retained. Reconditioning treatments from one to four weeks after cold storage were shown to be the most redundant. The reduction in the number of traits from eight to four by every technique could recover more than 80 % of the original variation, showing that redundant variables were effectively discarded.