水稻对稻瘟病抗性的遗传研究——福建主要籼稻抗源的基因分析

 本文研究了5个水稻抗瘟品种对稻瘟病稳定菌系81090A或81278的抗性遗传。结果表明,在以感病品种矮脚南特或竹广22号为杂交亲本之一的情况下,对81090A菌系的抗性,谷龙13、双抗77021受2对显性重复基因控制,双抗77005受1对显性上位基因和1对隐性基因控制;梧农1号受2或3对显性重复基因控制;双抗77003受1或2对显性上位基因和1对隐性基因控制。对81278菌系的抗性,梧农1号、双抗77003由1对显性上位基因和1对隐性基因支配;谷龙13由1对显性基因,或1对显性上位基因和1对隐性基因支配;双抗77021由1对显性上位基因和1对隐性基因,或2对显性重复基因支配。谷龙13与双抗77021对81090A菌系的反应,似为同质抗性;谷龙13与双抗77003对81278菌系的反应为异质抗性。可采用回交或其它杂交方式将这些抗病基因导入高产品种和杂交水稻三系中,在杂交组合的选趣上,应注意抗源亲本及其它亲本的选择。     

Effect of oxymatrine on mouse allergic contact dermatitis induced by DNFB and lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by Con A

AIM: To explore the inhibitory effect of oxymatrine （OMT） on the allergic contact dermatitis （ACD） stimulated by dinitrofluorobenzene （DNFB） and its effects on the proliferation of the lymphocytes. METHODS: ① An ACD mouse model was established by stimulation with DNFB, and then the mice were injected intraperitoneally with different dosages of OMT， PBS and hydrocortisone （HCT） respectively, the swelling degree of their auricles was examined. ② Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE) dye and flow cytometer were used to examine the fluorescence intensity changes of lymphocytes stimulated by polyclonal stimulator ConA and OMT. RESULTS: ① compared with PBS group, OMT possessed the strong inhibitory effect on the ACD caused by DNFB in a dose-dependent manner, and its inhibitory effect was equivalent to the HCT of the same dosage with fewer side effects. ② In vitro experiments proved that OMT (500, 125 and 31 mg/L) had the ability to restrain the proliferation of lymphocytes of mouse. CONCLUSION: OMT possesses an inhibitory effect on the ACD induced by DNFB, and OMT is a kind of immunosuppressor.     

苔藓植物生态学研究的数量分析方法

植被数量分析方法在苔藓植被中的应用起步较晚，仅有20多年的研究历史，但发展却十分迅速。这里介绍了目前苔藓植物生态学研究中应用较为普遍的数量分析方法，并探讨了各自的优缺点。     

水稻细菌性条斑病发生及流行因子分析

人工接种及病区调查研究结果表明，在种植感病品种情况下，气温决定了水稻细菌性条斑病的发生与否和潜育期的和短衣病斑长度；病害发生的最低温为１２℃，发病最适温度为２５－３０℃以上，而湿度决定此病发病率及严重度。结合主成分分析，该病在田间的流行取决于温度／湿度及降雨量。台风暴雨造成的伤口有利于病害的流行。     

兔病毒性出血症首免时间的研究

针对生产上出现的从断奶育成这一年龄段多发兔病毒性出血症的实际情况，采用快速、敏感的Dot-ELISA方法，通过测定不同免疫状态下的母兔所产兔的母源抗体动态变化规律，并进一步测定不同抗体效价的成年兔攻毒后是否得到保护的结果，再结合生产实际，得出兔病毒性出血症首免时间为30日龄，且剂量加倍。     

创办“小蚕公司”初见成效

随着农村产业化结构的调整,越来越多的农民走出了土地的圈子,离土离乡进城务工经商,导致农村养蚕劳力老年化、妇女化、文化素质低下,蚕桑技术的接受能力较弱,小蚕饲养水平低,严重影响蚕桑生产效益.为提高小蚕饲养水平,适应农村形势发展,我乡在县茧丝绸公司的支持、帮助下,于2001年春蚕期在联欢、曹家创办了两家小蚕公司,公司以饲养小蚕、出售小蚕解决农村养蚕实际问题为目的,进行小蚕专业化饲养,打破传统的养蚕方法,推行十天养蚕法,在饲养模式上进行一项改革.现将有关饲养情况通报如下.     

The effects of two shipping treatments on the carcass characteristics of bulls implanted with zeranol and unimplanted steers

A total of 144 male crossbred calves were allocated to four management treatments (bulls; steers; bulls implanted with zeranol at 100 d of age and re-implanted at 69, 93 and 56 d thereafter; bulls implanted with zeranol at 168 d of age and re-implanted at 93 and 56 d thereafter), and two pre-slaughter shipping treatments (minimum pre-slaughter stress with cattle shipped and slaughtered within 4 h of leaving the feedlot pen; moderate pre-slaughter stress with cattle mixed, trucked 160 km and slaughtered up to 24 h of leaving the feedlot pen) in a 4 X 2 factorial arrangement. Management treatment had no significant effect on carcass pH (45 min), carcass muscle temperature (45 min), or peak shear-force of cooked longissimus muscle. Steers had significantly lower dressing percentage, warm-carcass weight, hide weight and carcass-lean content, but higher marbling score, fat thickness and intramuscular-fat content than all treatments with bulls. Minimum pre-slaughter stress resulted in significantly lower dressing percentage, warm-carcass weight, and carcass pH (45 min), but generally had no effect on carcass tissue-yield measurements compared with the moderate stress treatment. Implanted bulls produced carcasses with significantly darker meat, higher 24-h pH and lower meat expressible juice than bulls and castrates for the moderate pre-slaughter stress treatment. These results provide evidence that zeranol implantation in bulls had a minor influence on carcass characteristics, and did not reduce the incidence of dark-cutting carcasses in young bulls subjected to moderate pre-slaughter shipping stress.     

高盐对肉鸡肺小动脉中膜平滑肌细胞表型转化的影响

观察了高盐诱发肉鸡腹水综合征（AS）发生发展过程中肺小动脉中膜平滑肌细胞（SMC）表型转化的规律，旨在探讨肺小动脉中膜SMC表型转化在AS发生过程中的可能作用。100只1日龄商品代AA雄性肉仔鸡常规育雏，8日龄起随机分为对照组和高盐组（饮水中添加0．30％氯化钠）。分别在15、22、29、36、43、50日龄时每组随机取5只鸡的肺组织并制备石蜡切片，以免疫组织化学方法结合图像分析法测定SMC表型标志蛋白α-SM-actin的表达。结果表明：（1）对照组肉鸡的生长发育过程中存在肺小动脉中膜SMC表型的动态转化，22日龄时发生了由收缩表型向增殖表型的转化，随后逐步向收缩表型回转，且各级肺小动脉SMC转化时间不一致。（2）高盐组SMC表型转化时间（15日龄）较对照组提前了1周，高盐促进了SMC由收缩表型向增殖表型转化。且直径20～50μm的肺小动脉SMC表型转化受高盐影响最大，推测其在高盐诱发肉鸡AS的过程中可能起更重要的作用。     

甘肃天祝高寒地区5种灌木中酚类物质含量的研究

对甘肃天祝金强河高寒地区5种灌木中的酚类物质含量进行了测定和比较分析。结果表明,不同的灌木品种其酚类物质的含量不同。藏沙棘总酚,单宁和缩合单宁的干物质含量均高于其他灌木,分别高达69.67,63.34和42.45 g/kg,而其简单酚的干物质含量最低,仅为4.27 g/kg。窄叶鲜卑木的酚类物质含量较低,与其他灌木相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。相关性分析表明,单宁和简单酚含量呈显著的正相关关系(r=0.94,P<0.01),与缩合单宁的相关系数为r=0.82(P<0.05),而简单酚与缩合单宁含量呈不显著的负相关关系。     

不同细胞因子对水牛原始生殖细胞传代培养的影响

为探讨不同细胞因子对水牛原始生殖细胞（PGCs）传代培养的影响，将PGCs分别采用A、B、C、D、E、F和G共7种培养基进行培养，即A组：基础液＋10ng／mL白血病抑制因子（LIF）＋10ng／mL碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）；B组：基础液＋20ng／mL LIF＋20ng／mL bFGF；C组：基础液＋20ng／mL LIF＋10ng／mL bFGF；D组：基础液＋20ng／mL LIF；E组：基础液＋20ng／mL LIF＋20ng／mL bFGF＋20ng／mL干细胞因子（SCF）；F组：基础液＋20ng／mL LIF＋40ng／mL bFGF＋40ng／mL SCF；G组（对照组）：基础液。将机械法分离的PGCs小集落接种到水牛胎儿成纤维细胞（BEF）饲养层上进行传代培养。结果，原代时，A、B、C、D、E和F组的克隆数目都显著高于对照组（P％0．05），其中E和F组的克隆数目显著高于A组（P〈0．05），而与B、C、D组差异均不显著（P〉0．05）；1～8代时，B、C、D、E、F组的克隆数目显著高于A组（P〈0．05）；对照组传代数仅为2代，A组为5代，而B、C、D、E和F组均为8代以上。结果表明，在传代过程中，LIF起主要作用，20ng／mL的LIF浓度可以满足水牛PGCs传代培养的需要。