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121.
122.
Shuichi Ishizawa Tatsuhiko Suzuki Tomonori Koda Osamu Sato 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):129-138
The nature of soil is modified differently depending upon the artificial condition such as its utilization or management. It is therefore expected that the microbiological characteristic of soil is changed also. Greaves1) and Williams2) reported that the reclamation of virgin soil brought about a change of bacterial count. Suzuki et al3) observed that the kind of fungi differed between a virgin and a cultivated soil and that the vegetative mycelium was numerous in the former than in the latter. On the other hand, according to W aksman and Starkey4), the bacterial count differed depending upon the fertility of soil. Singh5) reported also that the number of fungi and actinomycetes was higher in a fertile than in an infertile soil. Lochhead6), and Lochhead and Chasen studied the bacterial flora of a fertile (long-continued application of manure) and an infertile (no fertilizer for many years) soil and found that a certain difference could be observed when morphological, physiological and nutritional classification are tried. 相似文献
123.
Hidekazu Yamada Yumei Kang Tomonori Aso Hiroshi Uesugi Tomokazu Fujimura Koyo Yonebayashi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):385-391
The chemical forms of selenium (Se) in soils derived from different parent rocks, and the stability of Se species in soils were investigated. Around 40% of the total Se occurred as organic Se on the average. Total selenite content was higher than that of total selenate. The content of organic Se decreased with heating of the soils at high temperatures, and most of it disappeared at heating temperatures above 500°C. However, the results of incubation experiments indicated that Se species were stable in soil, and that their chemical forms did not change appreciably with the variation of soil conditions. In soluble Se, organic Se accounted for about 50%, and in contrast to the total Se, the selenate content was higher than that of selenite. 相似文献
124.
Sota Tanaka Tomonori Ando Shinya Funakawa Chainarong Sukhrun Thammanoon Kaewkhongkha Katsutoshi Sakurai 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):547-558
In the traditional shifting cultivation system practiced by the Karen people in northern Thailand, the effects of burning on the content of extractable organic matter, microbial biomass, and N mineralization process of the soils were studied. Five plots (5×5 m2 quadrat) with 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 Mg ha-1 of slashed materials were arranged and burned. Ten to 20 Mg ha-1 of slashed biomass corresponded to the amount commonly burned by the Karen people. During the burning process, the soil temperature at the depth of 2.5 cm in the 100 Mg ha-1 plot almost evenly increased to 300°C while the temperature in the 10 to 50 Mg ha-1 plots increased with large variations from 50 to 300°C. Burning caused a conspicuous increase in the contents of organic C and (organic + mineral)-N extracted at room temperature and a simultaneous decrease in the contents of microbial biomass C and N, especially in the soil of the 100 Mg ha-1 plot. In the rainy season, the values of the changes induced by burning reverted to the values recorded before burning, except for the microbial biomass in the 100 Mg ha-1 plot, which still remained lower. Based on an incubation experiment, N mineralization rate was higher in the soils taken just after burning, especially in the 100 Mg ha-1 plot, than in the soils taken during the rainy season. However, the soil in the 100 Mg ha-1 plot was considered to have the lowest ability to supply mineral N among the soils in the rainy season. Burning of 10 to 20 Mg ha-1 biomass corresponding to the values recorded in Karen peoples' shifting cultivation system was more compatible with soil ecology in terms of N supply at the initial stage of crop growth and of microbial biomass recovery during the rainy season, compared to the burning of 100 Mg ha-1 biomass corresponding to the value recorded in a natural forest. Thus, the shifting cultivation system implemented by the Karen people can be considered to be a well-balanced agricultural system. 相似文献
125.
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127.
Maya OI Keisuke YAMADA Hiroyuki HAYAKAWA Hiroshi SUZUKI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(1):92-96
Effective preselection of sex has been accomplished in several species of livestock and
also in humans using the flow cytometric sperm sorting method. A guaranteed high sorting
accuracy is a key prerequisite for the widespread use of sperm sexing. The standard
validation method is flow cytometric remeasurement of the DNA content of the sexed sperm.
Since this method relies on the same instrument that produced the original sperm
separation, it is not truly independent. Therefore, to be able to specifically produce
either male or female offspring in the dog, we developed a method of direct visualization
of sex chromosomes in a single sperm using fluorescence in situ
hybridization (FISH) as a validation method. Denaturation of canine spermatozoa by
immersion in 1 M NaOH for 4 min yielded consistent hybridization results with over 97%
hybridization efficiency and a good preservation of sperm morphology. There was no
significant difference between the theoretical ratio (50:50) and the observed ratio of X-
and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa in any of the three dogs. In addition, the mean
purities of flow-sorted sex chromosomes in spermatozoa of the three dogs were 90.8% for
the X chromosome fraction and 89.6% for the Y chromosome fraction. This sorting was
evaluated by using the dual color FISH protocol. Therefore, our results demonstrated that
the FISH protocol worked reliably for both unsorted and sexed sperm samples. 相似文献
128.
Shu HASHIMOTO Nao SUZUKI Ami AMO Takayuki YAMOCHI Yoshihiko HOSOI Yoshiharu MORIMOTO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(5):496-499
Effects of supporting materials during vitrification procedure on the morphologies
of preantral follicles of pig ovaries were assessed. Ovarian cortical sections of
prepubertal pigs were randomly allocated to 5 groups. The sections were vitrified
ultrarapidly with 5 different vitrification devices. The sections were put on 4 fine
needles (Cryosupport), on a thin copper plate, or on a carbon graphite sheet or were
sandwiched between copper plates or between carbon graphite sheets before cooling.
The cooling and warming rates with the graphite sheets were significantly higher than
those with the copper plates (P<0.05). A total of 3,064 follicles were analyzed
following HE staining after vitrification with 5 different devices. The morphologies
follicles vitrified on the Cryosupport or on the graphite sheet were well preserved
compared with those vitrified on the copper plate or between copper plates
(P<0.01). The morphologies of follicles vitrified between copper plates were
mostly damaged (P<0.05). Taken together, good thermally conducting material
supports follicle morphologies of ovaries cryopreserved with ultrarapid
vitrification. 相似文献
129.
Yuko TOISHI Nobuo TSUNODA Masaaki TAGAMI Hiromitsu HASHIMOTO Fumiki KATO Tsukasa SUZUKI Kentaro NAGAOKA Gen Watanabe Shota TOKUYAMA Kiyoshi OKUDA Kazuyoshi TAYA 《Journal of Equine Science》2013,24(3):47-51
Evaluation of a new chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, the PATHFAST assay system
(PATHFAST), for measurement of circulating progesterone in mares was performed. Five mares
at the mid-luteal stage were administrated a single i.m. injection of prostaglandin F2α
analog (PGF2α; cloprostenol 250 μg/ml), and then blood samples were collected from the
jugular vein at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min, at one-hour intervals until 24 and at 48 hr via a
catheter in the jugular vein. To monitor the physiological changes in circulating
progesterone in mares after induced luteolysis, concentrations of progesterone in whole
blood and serum samples were measured by PATHFAST. In addition, concentrations of
progesterone in serum samples measured by PATHFAST were compared with those measured by
radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Using PATHFAST, the serum
concentrations of progesterone in mares correlated highly with those of whole blood
samples (r=0.9672, n=88). The serum concentrations of progesterone as measured by PATHFAST
correlated well with RIA (r=0.9654, n=88) and EIA (r=0.9323, n=112). An abrupt decline in
circulating progesterone in whole blood samples was observed within 2 hr (50%), followed
by a gradual decline until 48 hr later. The results for progesterone in whole blood
samples correlated highly with those in serum samples, and the declining pattern
paralleled that of the serum samples. These results demonstrated that PATHFAST is useful
in the equine clinic as an accurate diagnostic tool for rapid assay of progesterone within
26 min, using unextracted whole blood. 相似文献
130.
Shingo SUZUKI Kazuyoshi HOSOMICHI Kana YOKOYAMA Kaoru TSUDA Hiromi HARA Yutaka YOSHIDA Akira FUJIWARA Makoto MIZUTANI Takashi SHIINA Tomohiro KONO Kei HANZAWA 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(1):90-96
Based on sequences of two cosmid clones from Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica, Coja), we confirmed that the syntenic cluster, GNB2L1~BTN1~BTN2, is located in the quail TRIM subregion of the quail major histocompatibility complex (MHC Coja) region. These cosmids also included four CjBG loci and one CjLEC locus; therefore, the quail TRIM subregion was thought to be adjacent to the BG/LEC subregion. We then identified three polymorphic markers – CjHEP21, CjTRIM39.2 and CjBTN2 – in the TRIM subregion that may be useful for the functional analysis of the MHC‐Coja region. We examined MHC‐Coja sequences from 321 individual quails sampled from 11 inbred strains, and we found eight alleles for each of the three genes – CjHEP21, CjTRIM39.2 and CjBTN2. These polymorphisms represent the first avian DNA markers in the TRIM subregion. Additionally, we discovered a quail‐specific VNTR (variable number of long tandem repeats, 133–137 bp) in intron 7 of CjBTN2. We identified 25 haplotypes in the sample of 321 quail; these haplotypes comprised combinations of all 24 alleles of the three polymorphic genes. We suggest that there are two recombination hotspots, one between each pair of adjacent loci. All strains, except AMRP, contained multiple haplotypes; the AMRP strain contained a single, apparently fixed haplotype. 相似文献