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41.
Tomohito Arao Satoru Ishikawa Masaharu Murakami Kaoru Abe Yuji Maejima Tomoyuki Makino 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(3):247-257
Many heavy metals exist in minute amounts in natural agricultural soil. However, when their amounts exceed a certain level
due to pollutants brought from outside, soil contamination occurs and agricultural products become contaminated. There have
been many cases in Japan of heavy metal contamination originating from old mines and smelters, and soil contamination of agricultural
land has become a social issue. In particular, cadmium (Cd) is one of the most harmful heavy metals. If agricultural products
absorb an excessive amount of Cd, they may adversely affect people’s health, and therefore allowable concentrations are regulated
by law. If agricultural land has become contaminated with Cd, measures for minimizing the absorption of Cd by agricultural
crops are necessary; these include: (1) soil dressing, (2) water management (paddy field), (3) chemical cleaning of soil,
(4) phytoextraction, and (5) use of different varieties and rootstock. Other heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, copper, zinc,
and mercury also sometimes cause contamination of agricultural soil. 相似文献
42.
Tomohito Iwasaki Takafumi Watanabe Yasuhiro Hasegawa Marina Hosotani Takeshi Kawasaki 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2021,58(3):177
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between early nutrition and the incidence of wooden breasts (WB) in broilers. Sixteen male and twenty female neonatal ROSS 308 broiler chicks were divided equally into four flocks. From 0–12 days of age, starter diet H, composed of 22.4% crude protein (CP), 6.6% crude fat (CF), 1.25% lysine, 0.48% methionine, and ≥3,070 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME), was fed to two flocks, and starter diet L, composed of 19.9% CP, 2.5% CF, 1.04% lysine, 0.38% methionine, and ≥2,930 kcal/kg ME, was fed to the remaining two flocks. All the flocks were fed the same commercial finisher diet, composed of 20.3% CP, 7.5% CF, 1.18% lysine, 0.44% methionine, and ≥3,300 kcal/kg ME, from 12–47 days of age. The birds were weighed every 2–5 days, subjected to a wing-lift test, and histology was conducted on the pectoralis major muscle tissue samples from all the birds necropsied at 47 days of age. Significant differences in the mean body weight between groups H and L were observed during 6–16 days and 24–26 days of age in males and during 6–26 days of age in females. Regarding the score evaluation of the individual lesions reflecting wooden breast, the birds in which back-to-back wing contact was not possible had higher lesion scores than those in which back-to-back wing contact was possible. The absence of back-to-back wing contact appeared more frequently in flocks fed the starter diet L, particularly in males. These results indicate that inappropriate nutrition levels in the starter diet increase the incidence of WB. Therefore, avoiding early nutrition deficits is a cost-effective feeding strategy. 相似文献
43.
Ohtsuka H Fukunaga N Hara H Fukuda S Hayashi T Hoshi F Yoshino TO Koiwa M Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(7):793-796
To clarify the cellular immune condition in Japanese Black (JB) calves with a weak syndrome, peripheral leukocyte populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Twenty JB calves were divided into two groups based on clinical observations; one group of calves was weak, because they had experienced an onset of diarrhea within 3 days after birth and needed treatment (Group 1 ;n=10), and the other group of calves was healthy (Group 2; n=10). With regard to leukocyte populations, CD8(+) cells and gamma delta T cells in Group 1 were markedly lower than those in Group 2 during the experimental periods. It is possible that immune-insufficiency might be based on T lymphocyte function in weak syndrome JB calves during the growth process. 相似文献
44.
Hidetoshi NARA Miho INOUE-MURAYAMA Akiko KOSHIMURA Akinori SUGIYAMA Yuichi MURAYAMA Masami MAEJIMA Yuko UEDA Hideyuki ITO Ettore RANDI Heui-Soo KIM Ji-Hong HA Hitoshi KITAGAWA Yukari TAKEUCHI Yuji MORI Toshiroh IWASAKI Mitsuo MORITA Katuaki ÔTA Shin'ichi ITO 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):81-86
Various dog breeds are remarkably different from each other not only in their sizes and shapes but also in behavioral traits, suggesting that some of these characteristics are under genetic control. However, little is known about genes related to behavioral traits in canine species. In humans, it has been reported that the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) includes polymorphism at several regions that relate to personality or psychiatric disorders. In an earlier study by the authors of the present study, the polymorphisms in canine DRD4 exon III and exon I regions were reported. In the present study, a novel polymorphism in canine DRD4 intron II was found based on a 17 base pair insertion/deletion, and the two alleles detected were named P (shorter allele) and Q (longer allele). The allelic distribution in 28 breeds of dog, including a total of 1114 unrelated individuals, were then investigated. Both P and Q alleles were detected in most of the breeds investigated; however, the frequencies of P and Q differed greatly between breeds. With respect to classification based on breed origin, P and Q alleles were frequent in Occidental and Oriental breeds, respectively. Furthermore, two subspecies of wolves, the ancestors of dogs, were analyzed for the comparison of allele frequencies with dogs, and the P allele was predominant in both European and Chinese wolves. 相似文献
45.
Marina HOSOTANI Kiyokazu KAMETANI Nobuhiko OHNO Kohzy HIRAMATSU Takeshi KAWASAKI Yasuhiro HASEGAWA Tomohito IWASAKI Takafumi WATANABE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1764
Typical skeletal muscles are composed of mixed muscle fiber types, which are classified as slow-twitch (type I) and fast-twitch (type II) fibers, whereas pectoralis major muscles (PMs) in broiler chickens are 100% composed of type IIb fast-twitch fibers. Since metabolic properties differ among muscle fiber types, the combination of muscle fiber types is involved in physiological functions and pathological conditions in skeletal muscles. In this study, using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, we compared three-dimensional (3D) mitochondrial properties in type IIb fibers in broiler PMs and those in type I fibers of broiler gastrocnemius muscles (GMs) heterogeneously composed of slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers. In type I fibers in the GMs, elongated mitochondria with numerous interconnections to form a substantial network among myofibrils were observed. Along with lipid droplets sandwiched by mitochondria, these features are an adaptation to effective oxidative respiration and constant oxidative damage in slow-twitch muscle fibers. In contrast, type IIb fibers in the PMs showed small and ellipsoid-shaped mitochondria with few interconnections and no lipid droplets, forming a sparse network. The mitochondrial spatial network comprises of active mitochondrial dynamics to reduce mitochondrial damage; therefore, type IIb fibers possess physiologically low capacity to maintain mitochondrial wellness due to static mitochondrial dynamics. Based on 3D mitochondrial properties, we discussed the contrasting physiological functions between type I and IIb fibers and proposed a high contractile power and low stress resistance as unique physiological properties of broiler PMs. 相似文献
46.
Kiyohiko INAI Keita KITAGAWA Mami MURAKAMI Toshiroh IWASAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(1):36
A 13-year-old spayed female Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presented with chronic swelling and pruritus on the palmar aspect of the left forepaw and on the tail. Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma (CEL) was diagnosed by histopathology and immunocytochemistry. Prednisolone was initially used alone as an alternative treatment for CEL. Despite long-term corticosteroid therapy, the patient’s physiological (pruritus) and dermatological signs (alopecia, erythema, erosion, and ulceration with crust) progressed and showed no evidence of improvement. To address the worsening condition of pruritus, lokivetmab was started in combination with prednisolone. Once on lokivetmab, the pruritus steadily improved and was effective in resolving and maintaining remission. Further investigation on the critical role of IL-31 in the pruritus pathway of dogs with CEL is required. 相似文献
47.
A survey in Japan showed that approximately 7% of eggplant fruits contain cadmium (Cd) concentrations above the international limit for fruiting vegetables. This study was conducted to develop a method to reduce Cd concentration in eggplant fruits. We determined Cd concentrations in eggplants grown on different rootstocks in Cd-polluted soil, unpolluted soil and nutrient culture. Grafting onto Solanum torvum reduced eggplant fruit Cd concentrations by 63–74% in Cd-polluted soil and unpolluted soil compared with grafting onto Solanum melongena and Solanum integrifolium . Stem and leaf Cd concentrations of scions on S. torvum were approximately 30% of those on S. integrifolium , so Cd translocation from roots to shoots was apparently reduced in plants grafted onto S. torvum . Stem and leaf Cd concentrations of S. torvum were also lower than those of cv. Senryou2 ( S. melongena ) and cv. Daitarou ( S. melongena ); thus, Cd translocation from roots to shoots was also reduced in self-rooted S. torvum plants. The Cd concentration of xylem sap in stems of S. torvum was 22% of that in stems of S. melongena , so the reduced Cd translocation from root to shoot could be accounted for by differential loading of Cd into the xylem in roots. We have developed a practical method for reducing the Cd concentration of eggplant fruits by grafting onto S. torvum rootstock. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the low Cd translocation characteristics of S. torvum . 相似文献
48.
James K. CHAMBERS Shinya IWASAKI Shigeki IMAMOTO Yuya NAKAMOTO Kazuyuki UCHIDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(5):634
A two-months-old, male, mixed breed cat presented with epileptic seizures. The cat was diagnosed with drug-resistant epilepsy, and died at 3-years of age. No gross lesion was found at necropsy. Histopathologically, the dentate gyrus granule cell layer of the hippocampus was irregularly arranged. Granule cells were dispersed and ectopic cells were sporadically observed in the molecular layer. The granule cells had an enlarged cytoplasm and swollen nucleus. Immunohistochemistry for NeuN and GFAP confirmed severe neuronal loss and mild gliosis in CA1. Binucleation and ischemic change were observed in the remaining pyramidal cells. This report describes a case of feline temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis associated with dentate gyrus malformation. 相似文献
49.
Tomohito ISHIZUKA Jun TAMURA Tsukasa NAGARO Kanako SUDO Takaharu ITAMI Mohammed Ahamed UMAR Kenjirou MIYOSHI Tadashi SANO Kazuto YAMASHITA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1577-1582
Effects of intermittent
positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) on cardiopulmonary function were evaluated in horses
anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia using constant rate infusions of
medetomidine (3.5 µg/kg/hr), lidocaine (3 mg/kg/hr), butorphanol (24
µg/kg/hr) and propofol (0.1 mg/kg/min) (MLBP-TIVA). Five horses were
anesthetized twice using MLBP-TIVA with or without IPPV at 4-week interval (crossover
study). In each occasion, the horses breathed 100% oxygen with spontaneous ventilation
(SB-group, n=5) or with IPPV (CV-group, n=5), and changes in cardiopulmonary parameters
were observed for 120 min. In the SB-group, cardiovascular parameters were maintained
within acceptable ranges (heart rate: 33–35 beats/min, cardiac output: 27–30
l/min, mean arterial blood pressure [MABP]: 114–123 mmHg, mean
pulmonary arterial pressure [MPAP]: 28–29 mmHg and mean right atrial pressure [MRAP]:
19–21 mmHg), but severe hypercapnea and insufficient oxygenation were observed (arterial
CO2 pressure [PaCO2]: 84–103 mmHg and arterial O2
pressure [PaO2]: 155–172 mmHg). In the CV-group, normocapnea (PaCO2:
42–50 mmHg) and good oxygenation (PaO2: 395–419 mmHg) were achieved by the IPPV
without apparent cardiovascular depression (heart rate: 29–31 beats/min, cardiac output:
17–21 l /min, MABP: 111–123 mmHg, MPAP: 27–30 mmHg and MRAP: 15–16 mmHg).
MLBP-TIVA preserved cardiovascular function even in horses artificially ventilated. 相似文献
50.