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排序方式： 共有123条查询结果，搜索用时 62 毫秒
121.
122.
Jaco Bakker Sandra Roubos Edmond J. Remarque Saskia S. Arndt Peter W. Kronen Jan AM. Langermans 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(3):309-319
Objective
To investigate the clinical and physiological effects of intravenous (IV) alfaxalone alone or in combination with buprenorphine, butorphanol or tramadol premedication in marmosets.Study design
Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover design.Animals
Nine healthy marmosets (391 ± 48 g, 3.7 ± 2.2 years old).Methods
Meloxicam 0.20 mg kg?1 subcutaneously, atropine 0.05 mg kg?1 intramuscularly (IM) and either buprenorphine 20 μg kg?1 IM (BUP-A), butorphanol 0.2 mg kg?1 IM (BUT-A), tramadol 1.5 mg kg?1 IM (TRA-A) or no additional drug (control) were administered to all marmosets as premedication. After 1 hour, anaesthesia was induced with 16 mg kg?1 alfaxalone IV. All animals received all protocols. The order of protocol allocation was randomized with a minimum 28 day wash-out period. During anaesthesia, respiratory and pulse rates, rectal temperature, haemoglobin oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressure, palpebral and pedal withdrawal reflexes and degree of muscle relaxation were assessed and recorded every 5 minutes. Quality of induction and recovery were assessed. Duration of induction, immobilization and recovery were recorded. Blood samples were analysed for aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. The protocols were compared using paired t tests, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test with Bonferroni's corrections and linear mixed effect models where appropriate.Results
Out of nine animals, apnoea was noted in eight animals administered protocol BUP-A and two animals administered protocol BUT-A. With TRA-A and control protocols, apnoea was not observed. No other significant differences in any of the parameters were found; however, low arterial blood pressures and hypoxia occurred in TRA-A.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Our study employing different premedications suggests that the previously published dose of 16 mg kg?1 alfaxalone is too high when used with premedication because we found a high incidence of complications including apnoea (BUP-A), hypotension and hypoxaemia (TRA-A). Appropriate monitoring and countermeasures are recommended. 相似文献123.
AM Rao E Richter S Bandow B Chase PC Eklund KA Williams S Fang KR Subbaswamy M Menon A Thess RE Smalley G Dresselhaus MS Dresselhaus 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5297):187-191
Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that are found as close-packed arrays in crystalline ropes have been studied by using Raman scattering techniques with laser excitation wavelengths in the range from 514.5 to 1320 nanometers. Numerous Raman peaks were observed and identified with vibrational modes of armchair symmetry (n, n) SWNTs. The Raman spectra are in good agreement with lattice dynamics calculations based on C-C force constants used to fit the two-dimensional, experimental phonon dispersion of a single graphene sheet. Calculated intensities from a nonresonant, bond polarizability model optimized for sp2 carbon are also in qualitative agreement with the Raman data, although a resonant Raman scattering process is also taking place. This resonance results from the one-dimensional quantum confinement of the electrons in the nanotube. 相似文献