Effects of low environmental salinity on the cellular profiles and expression of Na+, K+-ATPase and Na+, K+, 2Cl? cotransporter 1 of branchial mitochondrion-rich cells in the juvenile marine fish Monodactylus argenteus

The goal of this study was to determine the osmoregulatory ability of a juvenile marine fish, silver moony (Monodactylus argenteus), for the purpose of developing a new experimental species for ecophysiological research. In this study, M. argenteus was acclimated to freshwater (FW), brackish water (BW), or seawater (SW). The salinity tolerance of this euryhaline species was effective, and the fish survived well upon osmotic challenges. The largest apical surface of mitochondrion-rich cells was found in the FW individuals. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Na(+), K(+)-ATPase immunoreactive (NKA-IR) cells were distributed in the interlamellar region of the gill filaments of the silver moony in all experimental groups. In addition to the filaments, NKA-IR cells were also found in the lamellae of the FW individuals. The number of NKA-IR cells in the gills of the FW individuals exceeded that of the BW and SW individuals. The NKA-IR cells of FW and SW individuals exhibited bigger size than that of BW fish. The NKA activities and protein expression of the NKA α-subunit in the gills of the FW individuals were significantly higher than in the BW and SW groups. Additionally, the relative amounts of Na(+), K(+), 2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) were salinity-dependent in the gills. Immunofluorescent signals of NKCC1 were localized to the basolateral membrane of NKA-IR cells in all groups. In the gills of the FW individuals, however, some NKA-IR cells did not exhibit a basolateral NKCC1 signal. In conclusion, the present study illustrated the osmoregulatory mechanisms of this easy- and economic-to-rear marine teleost with euryhaline capacity and proved the silver moony to be a good experimental animal.     

艾比湖面积动态变化与气象要素的关系研究

利用2005—2010年250 m×250 m的EOS-MODIS卫星资料,通过预处理、几何校正,在C++环境下,进行水体判识与面积计算,对艾比湖湖区水域面积进行计算,得到逐旬的遥感动态监测数据,将其与同期气象台站的观测资料(温度、降水、风速、蒸发量)相结合,在SPSS中进行统计分析.结果表明:①艾比湖面积有显著的季节性变化,同一年内,由春到秋,艾比湖湖区水体面积总体呈现逐渐减少的趋势;湖区水域面积年内最大值多出现在春季,年内最小值多出现在秋季,但秋末湖区水域面积相对秋初又有所增加.②从年际变化来看,2005—2010年,艾比湖湖区水域面积呈现逐年减少的趋势;旬平均最高峰出现在4月中旬,且5月下旬湖区面积会出现次高峰,旬平均最小值出现在10月上旬,旬平均最高峰主要是山区融雪和降水的共同作用所致,次高峰主要是由降水所致.③相关分析表明,湖泊面积变化与温度、降水相关性不显著,但与风速有显著的正相关,与蒸发量有显著的负相关.     

关于景观形式的思考

本文通过对景观形式和建筑形式研究方法的对比分析,从几方面诠释了景观形式及其特点,在此基础上探讨了景观形式的核心价值和衍生价值,并思考其发展趋势以及存在的问题,最后提出若干对景观形式纠偏的建议。     

Partial-degradation and heat-moisture dual modification on the enzymatic resistance and boiling-stable resistant starch content of corn starches

Normal corn, Hylon V and Hylon VII starches were partially degraded by acid-ethanol treatment and applied to heat-moisture treatment (HMT) for improving the enzymatic resistance of starch. The weight-average degree of polymerization (DP_w) of acid-ethanol-treated (AET) corn starches ranged from 6.75 × 10⁵ to 181, 4.48 × 10⁵ to 121, and 1.94 × 10⁵ to 111 anhydrous glucose units for normal corn, Hylon V and Hylon VII starches, respectively. Starch retained its granular structure after AET and HMT, recovery of starch granules after modifications were higher than 92%. Resistant starch (RS) content and boiling-stable RS content of corn starch increased after dual modification, and the increment increased with increasing duration of AET. The boiling-stable RS content of dual-modified starch increased from 1.5 to 9.2, 12.2 to 24.1, and 18.0 to 36.2% for normal corn, Hylon V and Hylon VII starches, respectively. Increments of RS content and boiling-stable RS content of dual-modified starches were significantly correlated (r² > 0.700) with DP_w of starch, revealing that the enzymatic resistance of dual-modified corn starch granules increased with decreasing molecular size of starch. Result also suggested that starch granules partially degraded with AET could improve the molecular mobility and ordering during the consequent HMT.     

烤烟不同部位叶片的光合特性研究

为明确烤烟不同部位叶片生长发育及品质差异形成的光合生理机制,以‘豫烟10号’为材料,在旺长期烟株现蕾时测定不同部位叶片光合特性及环境因子日变化进程,并采用通径分析法分析各环境因子对其净光合速率(Pn)的直接和间接影响。结果表明：（1）在现蕾期,‘豫烟10号’不同部位叶片Pn日变化均为“单峰型”,上、中、下部叶Pn日均值分别为13.25、11.71、6.26μmol CO₂/(m²·s),下部叶Pn显著低于上、中部叶。（2）气孔导度(Gs)对烤烟蒸腾作用的影响大于光合作用。随Gs的增加,不同部位叶片Pn和蒸腾速率(Tr)呈上升趋势,总体来看,各部位叶片Tr峰值出现时间与Gs峰值出现时间基本一致,二者均滞后于Pn峰值出现时间。（3）烤烟不同部位叶片主要决策变量均为光合有效辐射(PAR),主要限制变量均为大气温度(Ta)。由此可知,要提高烤烟不同部位叶片Pn,需采取一定措施如增大株间距离来提高PA R,控制各部位叶片所处微环境Ta,进而改善各部位叶片温度(Tl),基本保持大气CO₂浓度(Ca)不变。     

罗汉果果实总RNA提取方法的比较研究

针对罗汉果果实富含多糖和多酚类物质的特点,以广西罗汉果代表种质青皮果种的果实为材料,比较了改良Trizol法、改良异硫氰酸胍法、改良CTAB法和常规Trizol法4种不同的总RNA提取方法的提取效果。结果表明,改良Trizol法所提取的RNA呈现28S rRNA、18S rRNA和5S rRNA 3条清晰的谱带,且28S条带宽度接近18S的2倍,纯度高（D260/D280=201;D260/D230=202）,完整性好（RIN=950）,得率为（26000±1947） μg·g-1。RT\|PCR结果进一步表明,改良Trizol法提取的RNA完全能够用于后续的分子生物学研究。     

Pharmacokinetics of sulfamonomethoxine in tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) after intravenous and oral administration

The pharmacokinetic profiles of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) were investigated in flatfish tongue soles in the present study. After a single injection of SMM (40 mg/kg BW) to caudal vein of tongue sole at 20 °C, plasma drug concentration versus time data were best fitted to a three-compartment model, characterized with 0.2, 5.7, and 80.4 h for the half-life (t _1/2) of fast distribution, slow distribution, and elimination, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was 0.1 L/kg, and the body clearance was 0.03 L/h/kg. After oral administration of SMM (200 mg/kg BW) to tongue soles at 20 °C, plasma drug concentrations were best fitted to a two-compartment model, of which the mean half-life of absorption (t _1/2ka) and elimination (t _1/2β ) were 1.7 and 95.7 h, respectively. The maximal absorption concentration (C _max) was estimated as 58 mg/L at 2.5 h, and the mean systemic bioavailability (F) was 39.5 % in tongue soles after oral administration.     

Evaluation of ultrasonic-assisted dyeing properties of fast-growing poplar wood treated by reactive dye based on grey system theory analysis

Ultrasonic-assisted dyeing as a novel and eco-friendly method was utilized to improve decorative value of fast-growing tree species. The effects of ultrasonic-assisted dyeing parameters (e.g., temperature, dye concentration, ultrasonic power, dipping time, dyeing assistant and dye-fixing agent) on the properties of wood were investigated, and the parameters were optimized. Moreover, the main factors mentioned above were determined with grey system theory analysis. Analyses of chemical structure, thermostability, crystallinity, and microscopic morphologies were conducted using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Results showed that dye uptake and K/S were influenced by the parameters in the following order: dye concentration?>?dye-fixing agent?>?dyeing assistant?>?dipping time?>?ultrasonic power?>?temperature. FTIR indicated that an ether bond was formed between the wood component and the reactive dye. TG and XRD demonstrated that the thermal stability and crystallinity of ultrasonic-assisted dyed wood were both improved. SEM revealed that dye molecules diffused into the cell cavity, wood vessel, aperture, and part of the wood microstructure such as pit membrane, which was mechanically damaged after the ultrasonic-assisted dyeing treatment and created new fluid channels for the dye.