Analysis of parental effects on mean vine maturity and chip colour of 4x.2x potato progenies

Summary The parental effects on progenies from potato 4x.2x(FDR) crosses were analyzed to determine anether and to what extent selection criteria used for selecting tetraploid breeding lines have to be adjusted when selecting diploid breeding lines. For vine maturity and chip colour multiple regression analysis of progeny means on means of diploid and tetraploid parents revealed high coefficients of determination (R²) for both characters, indicating good predicting power of the performance of both diploid and tetraploid parents on the performance of their 4x.2x progenies. For vine maturity the multiple regression slope for the tetraploid perents was significantly larger than for the diploid parents, and progeny means were towards the tetraploid parents. This indicates that selection criteria for vine maturity may be less stringent at the diploid level. However, diploids may be earlier maturing than tetraploids and therefore selection criteria can better be similar at both ploidy levels. For chip colour, multiple regression slopes for diploid and tetraploid parents were similar and progeny means were towards the darkest coloured parent irrespective of its ploidy level. This indicates that selection of breeding lines for chip colour can be conducted similarly at both ploidy levels.     

Factor analysis of atmospheric trace-element deposition data in the netherlands obtained by moss monitoring

Monte Carlo-Assisted Factor Analysis has been applied to a data set of trace element concentrations in samples of the moss species Pleurozium schreberi, collected in 1992 from 66 locations in the Netherlands. A Monte Carlo approach was used to give more insight in the uncertainties and significance levels of the factor analysis results. Using a selection of 23 elements, factor analysis enabled the identification of 8 significant pollution source types. Two source types were assumed to be related to the influence of foliar leaching from higher plants. The remaining source types were found to correspond with the major source types obtained in earlier biomonitoring surveys in the Netherlands using lichen and bark, i.e. crustal material, sea aerosol and various types of industrial pollution sources, associated with metallurgical industries, refuse incineration and oil combustion or processing of oil products. The contribution of the industrial pollution sources appeared to have decreased between 1987 and 1992.     

Genetic and economic aspects of marker-assisted reduction of redundancy from a wild potato germplasm collection

The wild potato germplasm collection of the series Acaulia, maintained at the Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands, consists of 314 accessions. In previous investigations, 15 potential duplication groups with a total of 36 accessions were identified based on AFLP analysis of a limited sample per accession. In the present study, the potential redundancies, plus one additional accession, were studied with increased sample sizes to examine intra- and inter-accession variation more accurately, with the aim to reduce the size of the collection. No variation was observed within two potential duplication groups, whereas only limited differentiation among accessions was detected within seven groups, resulting in a total of 15 redundant accessions (nearly 5% of the collection). A cluster analysis of all the accessions of the collection showed that these nine groups each had a distinct identity. It was decided to maintain the accessions of the remaining six groups as separate entries based on the large differentiation observed among accessions and the absence of a clear identity. An analysis of molecular variance in the set of 37 accessions showed that 91% of the observed variation could be found among accessions. This variance component appeared unaffected when the set was analysed without the 15 redundant accessions. The invested costs to identify redundancies in the series Acaulia by AFLP analysis are estimated at k 57.3, whereas the savings achieved by reduction of the collection are estimated at k 21.0 per generation. However, a cost-benefit analysis should not only focus on the short-term return of investments, but should also consider the value of newly obtained data and information. These include taxonomic information about accessions, optimised sampling strategies, optimised regeneration procedures, additional data for core collection formation and more efficient utilisation of germplasm.     

Die Konserverung des Holzes

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die S?gemaschinen

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Dermendung Kriegsbesch?digter Forstarbeiter

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Wie wirkt Dinitro-ortho-kresol auf Insekten?

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Studies on the sterile-male technique as a means of control of Adoxophyes orana (Lepidopt., Tortricidae). 1. Problems of mass rearing (crowding effects)

Almost all larvae ofAdoxophyes orana F.R. mature if they are individually confined in vials. In gregarious culture, 2 or 4 larvae per vial, growth is retarded and many larvae die because of frequent fighting. This aggression results from the biggest larvae holding other larvae off the food. Retarded development was not due to optical or olfactory causes, but to food deprivation. In mass rearing the setback can be partly overcome by adding plastic strips that increase the cover for the larvae in rearing boxes.Samenvatting Massakweken vanAdoxophyes orana zijn noodzakelijk voor de ontwikkeling van een steriele-mannetjesprogramma ter bestrijding van deze plaag. In kweken in buisjes werd een agressief gedrag van de opgroeiende rupsen waargenomen wanneer zich meer dan 1 rups per buis bevond. Hierdoor werd de groeisnelheid vertraagd en trad bij 4 larven per buis veel sterfte op (Fig. 1 en 2, Tabel 1). Deze groeieffecten hadden geen optische of olfactorische oorzaak. Wanneer de larven meer ruimte kregen nam wel de mortaliteit af (Tabel 3) maar niet de groeivertraging (Tabel 4). Verstoring van de larven beïnvloedde hun groei nadelig (Tabel 5 en 6). De groeivertraging is echter voor het grootste deel te wijten aan hongeren (Tabel 7) doordat in de kweek de grotere larve de toegang tot het voedsel ontzegt aan de kleinere.In massakweken kan de hieruit voortvloeiende groeivertraging en mortaliteit worden verminderd door plastic strips in de kweekbakken te plaatsen waardoor het aantal schuilplaatsen voor de larven toeneemt.