盐碱土壤与非盐碱土壤微生物的抗盐碱特性

为了比较分析盐碱土壤与非盐碱土壤微生物资源抗盐碱性差异,本研究利用含有不同浓度Na2CO3、NaHCO3和pH的培养基对盐碱土壤和非盐碱土壤细菌进行培养计数。结果显示：非盐碱土壤出菌数量随Na2CO3、pH和NaHCO3浓度升高而下降,盐碱土壤细菌出菌数量随着Na2CO3、pH和NaHCO,浓度升高先是升高然后下降,最高值分别出现在200mmol／LNaHCO3、50mmol／LNa2CO3和pH9．0的分离平板上。此外,高Na2CO3、pH和NaHCO3浓度的平板中盐碱土壤出菌数量远高于非盐碱土壤;以上结果可见,耐盐碱细菌资源主要集中分布在盐碱土壤中,在非盐碱土壤中虽有分布,但是仅占有很少一部分。     

Assessment of the aroma impact of major odor-active thiols in pan-roasted white sesame seeds by calculation of odor activity values

Eleven odor-active thiols, namely, 2-methyl-1-propene-1-thiol, (Z)-3-methyl-1-butene-1-thiol, (E)-3-methyl-1-butene-1-thiol, (Z)-2-methyl-1-butene-1-thiol, (E)-2-methyl-1-butene-1-thiol, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 3-mercapto-2-pentanone, 2-mercapto-3-pentanone, 4-mercapto-3-hexanone, 3-mercapto-3-methylbutyl formate, and 2-methyl-3-thiophenethiol, recently identified in an extract prepared from white sesame seeds, were quantitated in sesame using stable isotope dilution analyses. For that purpose, the following deuterium-labeled compounds were synthesized and used as internal standards in the quantitation assays: [2H6]-2-methyl-1-propene-1-thiol, [2H3]-(E)- and [2H3]-(Z)-2-methyl-1-butene-1-thiol, [2H3]-2-methyl-3-furanthiol, [2H2]-3-mercapto-2-pentanone, [2H3]-4-mercapto-3-hexanone, [2H6]-3-mercapto-3-methylbutyl formate, and [2H3]-2-methyl-3-thiophenethiol. On the basis of the results obtained, odor activity values (OAVs) were calculated as ratio of the concentration and odor threshold of the individual compounds in cooking oil. According to their high OAVs, particularly the 3-methyl-1-butene-1-thiols (OAV: 2400) and the 2-methyl-1-butene-1-thiols (OAV: 960) were identified as the most odor-active compounds in pan-roasted white sesame seeds. These compounds were therefore suggested to be mainly responsible for the characteristic but rather unstable sulfury aroma of freshly pan-roasted white sesame seeds.     

水稻质膜H+-ATPase基因对拟南芥遗传转化及其抗盐性分析

RT-PCR扩增得水稻质膜H -ATPase全长cDNA(PM-H -ATPase),构建了植物表达载体获得质粒pBI121-PM-H -ATPase,农杆菌介导、真空渗入法转化PM-H -ATPase基因入拟南芥,得35株T1代卡那抗性植株.抗性植株PCR分析表明,抗性植株整合了目的基因.Northern杂交分析进一步表明T3代转基因拟南芥表达了目的基因.抗盐(NaHCO3和NaC1)性分析表明:转基因植株的耐盐能力明显高于野生型;盐碱胁迫下转基因植株开花优先于野生型植株.     

Prevalence of honeybee viruses in Apis mellifera in Gifu prefecture of Japan

Viral infection damages honeybee colony health. Viruses can be carried by queen bees and apicultural production materials when imported from foreign countries. We investigated seven honeybee viruses in worker bees (Apis mellifera) from 26 healthy apiaries in Gifu, Japan between 2018 and 2019. Black queen cell virus (BQCV) was detected in 23 (88.5%) of the apiaries, followed by Israeli acute paralysis virus (42.3%), deformed wing virus (DWV) (38.5%), and sacbrood virus (3.8%). In phylogenetic analysis, BQCV and DWV in Gifu were related to those in China and South Korea. Additionally, a high prevalence of BQCV was observed among worker bees in BQCV-positive colonies. Therefore, BQCV horizontal transmission among worker bees may contribute to the high prevalence of BQCV in Gifu.     

Isolated and companion young brown dwarfs in the taurus and chamaeleon molecular clouds

Infrared imaging observations have detected a dozen faint young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Taurus and Chamaeleon molecular clouds whose near-infrared colors are similar to those of classical T Tauri stars (TTS). They are around four magnitudes fainter than low-luminosity YSOs in Taurus detected in earlier surveys and as much as eight magnitudes fainter than typical TTS. The extreme faintness of the objects and their lower luminosity relative to previously identified brown dwarfs in the Pleiades indicate that these faint YSOs are very young brown dwarfs on the order of 1 million years old.     

Circular polarization in star- formation regions: implications for biomolecular homochirality

Strong infrared circular polarization resulting from dust scattering in reflection nebulae in the Orion OMC-1 star-formation region has been observed. Circular polarization at shorter wavelengths might have been important in inducing chiral asymmetry in interstellar organic molecules that could be subsequently delivered to the early Earth by comets, interplanetary dust particles, or meteors. This could account for the excess of L-amino acids found in the Murchison meteorite and could explain the origin of the homochirality of biological molecules.     

碱茅（Puccinellia tenuifolra）Put-Cu／Zn—SOD基因的克隆及在酵母中的表达

从碱茅根cDNA文库分离得到Put－Cu／Zn—SOD全长cDNA,其序列全长为2700bp,该基因的开放读码框为长615bp,所编码的蛋白由204个氨基酸组成,其预测分子量约为20．6kD、理论等电点约为5．63。Put－Cu／Zn—SOD氨基酸序列与水稻Cu／Zn-SOD序列有较高的同源性为87％。将Put-Cu／Zn—SOD基因构建到酵母表达载体pYES2,并转化至酵母（INVSc1）。对pYES2-Put-Cu／Zn—SOD转化酵母进行盐碱、氧化胁迫实验。结果表明：重组酵母的抗盐碱、氧化能力明显高于对照（pYES2转化酵母）,结果显示了碱茅的Cu／Zn—SOD基因在酵母表达中,具有提高酵母抗盐碱和耐氧化能力。     

Isolation, characterization, and quantitative measurement of serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in cattle

Bovine alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1AG) was purified from pooled normal bovine sera by successive ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatographies and gel filtration. Bovine alpha 1AG had a molecular weight of 42,000 +/- 2,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 3.4S. It contained 26.6% carbohydrate. Gel isoelectric focusing revealed a microheterogeneity with 7 to 8 bands in a pI range of 3.2 to 3.7. It migrated to the alpha 1-globulin region upon immunoelectrophoresis. Single radial immunodiffusion was developed for the quantitative measurement of bovine alpha 1AG in serum. The mean serum value of alpha 1AG in 152 healthy Holstein cattle (1-12 years old) was 283.2 +/- 82.3 micrograms/ml. Elevated values (cut-off value = 450 micrograms/ml) were observed in cattle with traumatic pericarditis (100%), arthritis (100%), mastitis (91%), pneumonia (70%), and mesenteric liponecrosis (43%).     

Hyperactivation and acrosome reaction in vitro in spermatozoa ejaculated by cryptorchid dogs after orchiopexy.

Orchiopexy of the cryptorchid (CR) testis and castration of the scrotal testis were performed in three unilaterally CR beagles at six months of age. Induction rates for ejaculated sperm hyperactivation (HA) and the acrosome reaction (AR) in vitro in these orchiopexied dogs were compared with five those in normal beagles one year later. Canine spermatozoa were incubated for 9 hr at 38 degrees C under 5% CO2 in air in canine capacitation medium at a concentration of 30 x 10(6) sperm/ml. HA was observed using high-speed videomicrography. The AR spermatozoa were evaluated by the triple stain technique. As a result, there was no significant difference between 'the CR dogs after orchiopexy' (CDO) and the normal dogs (ND) with respect to sperm motility just after ejaculation. However, sperm motility of CDO decreased markedly during incubation. There was a significant difference in sperm motility between CDO (Mean +/- SD; 47 +/- 12%) and ND (80 +/- 9%) after three hours of incubation (p less than 0.01). No significant difference was observed between CDO and ND with respect to the HA rate of motile spermatozoa throughout the incubation period. The peak of HA rate was found in both CDO (58 +/- 5%) and ND (61 +/- 16%) after seven hours of incubation. The AR rate of spermatozoa in CDO was lower than that in ND after six hours of incubation. The AR rate of CDO (26 +/- 4%) was significantly lower than ND (46 +/- 5%) after eight hours of incubation (p less than 0.01). It is assumed that there might be relation between a rapid decrease of motility and low AR rate in spermatozoa of CDO during incubation.