吉林省不同年代育成水稻品种上三叶光合特性的变化

为了解不同年代育成水稻品种上三叶光合特性的变化及其与产量的关系,以吉林省1958—2005年间育成的33个水稻品种为材料,研究了植株上三叶净光合速率(P_n)、光合能力及叶源量的变化。结果表明,抽穗期剑叶的P_n、光合能力和叶源量对植株的光合能力贡献最大,占单株总光合能力的42.45%,倒二叶占28.27%,倒三叶占15.69%。剑叶P_n、光合能力和叶源量的增加最小,倒二叶次之,倒三叶最大。相关分析表明,倒三叶的P_n、光合能力和叶源量与育成年代和产量呈显著正相关,剑叶和倒二叶的P_n、光合能力和叶源量与育成年代和产量的关系并没有达到显著水平。吉林省47年来水稻品种产量的遗传改良主要导致了植株倒三叶光合能力的显著提高,剑叶光合能力的变化并不大。     

Polymorphism of inhibin βB gene and its relationship with litter size in sheep

The inhibin β_B (INHBB) gene was studied as a candidate gene for the prolificacy of Small Tail Han and Hu sheep. According to the sequence of exon 1 and 2 of bovine INHBB gene, six pairs of primers were designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 1 and 2 of INHBB gene in both high (Small Tail Han and Hu sheep) and low prolificacy breeds (Dorset, Texel and German Mutton Merino sheep) by polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP). Three pairs of primers (primers 1‐1, 1‐2 and 1‐3) were used to amplify the exon 1, and others (primers 2‐1, 2‐2 and 2‐3) to the exon 2. Only the products amplified by primer 2‐3 displayed polymorphism. For primer 2‐3, three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected in Hu sheep and only AA genotype in other breeds. In Hu sheep, frequency of AA, AB and BB genotypes was 0.636, 0.046 and 0.318, respectively. Sequencing revealed 276A > G mutation (based on the amplification region of primer 2‐3) which did not cause any amino acid change because it lay in the 3′ untranslated region. The ewes with genotype BB had 0.58 (P < 0.01) lambs more than those with AA in Hu sheep.     

基因打靶技术的研究进展

基因打靶技术是通过外源基因与受体细胞染色体基因组上的序列之间发生同源重组,将外源基因整合到某一特定位点上,从而实现外源基因的定点整合、修饰和改造受体细胞遗传特性的技术。作者简要介绍基因打靶技术的基本原理、产生、筛选策略及该技术的应用等研究进展。     

Effect of puerarin on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and expression of chemokine CX3CL1/fractalkine

AIM: To observe the change of CX₃CL1/fractalkine (FKN) in the rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension, and to study the intervention of puerarin. METHODS: The pulmonary hypertension model was established in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (270-310 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (C), monocrotaline model group (M)and puerarin treatment group (M+P). The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), mean right ventricular pressure (mRVP), mean carotid arterial pressure (mCAP) and the weight ratio of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle plus septum (LV+S) were also detected. The structural changes of pulmonary arterioles were observed under optical microscope. Remodeling of lung blood vessels was determined by measuring the ratio of vessel wall area to total area (WA/TA) and the medium thickness of pulmonary artery (PAMT). The concentration of soluble fractalkine(sFKN) in plasma was measured by ELISA. The expression of FKN in the pulmonary artery wall was measured by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA level of FKN in the lung tissues was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS: mPAP, mRVP, RV/(LV+S), WA/TA and PAMT in M group were higher than those in C group (P<0.01). RV/(LV+S), WA/TA and PAMT in M+P group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.01). No significant difference of mCAP among the 3 groups was observed. The levels of sFKN, FKN mRNA and FKN protein in M group were higher than those in C group (P<0.01), and the above data in M+P group were lower than those in M group(P<0.05). The serum level of sFKN had a positive correlation with PAMT and RV/(LV+S) (r＝0.719, r=0.685,respectively, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Puerarin down-regulates the expression of FKN and suppresses the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Bt基因导入马铃薯品种大西洋的研究

通过基因工程手段,利用农杆菌介导法,将Bt基因导入马铃薯品种大西洋,同时对马铃薯品种大西洋的叶片再生体系进行优化,探讨了影响植株再生频率和遗传转化效率的因素,确立了最佳植株再生体系和遗传转化条件,获得了转基因植株。     

《生物技术通报》2004～2013年刊发论文的文献计量学分析

采用文献计量学方法对2004～2013年《生物技术通报》杂志的载文量及学科分布、科研基金资助论文及作者来源等进行了统计分析.结果表明:《生物技术通报》10年载文量合计3 887篇,读者关注度逐年提高;科研项目资助基金论文比例较高,有一定影响力;论文涉及学科有40个,信息涵盖面广,稿源稳定充足;作者分布广泛,但地区分布不均衡,北京、江苏、湖南等地作者分布最多,宁夏、青海和西藏地区的作者较少.     

植物根系应答盐碱胁迫机理研究进展

土壤盐碱化问题日益严峻,已经成为全球范围内制约植物生长发育的主要环境因子之一。根系在植物应答逆境胁迫中具有重要的调节作用,但是多年来对于植物抗逆性的研究往往集中于地上,根系作为环境胁迫下最先感知并作出反应的器官,其耐逆机理还不明确。基于此,本文从根系构型、结构、生长、生理和分子生物学等多角度对国内外植物根系应答土壤盐碱胁迫机理进行了综述,并提出了不足与展望,旨为深层次揭示植物根系功能和耐盐碱胁迫机理提供一定的科学依据。     

甘蔗及甘蔗近缘属内生菌的筛选、鉴定与功能研究

为进一步挖掘甘蔗栽培种及其亲缘野生种中内生菌的功能与价值,筛选出具有促进植物生长功能活性的微生物菌株,用于促进甘蔗产业的增收增产。以前期分离纯化获得的589 株甘蔗内生细菌为基础,筛选并鉴定具有固氮、溶磷、解钾等促生长特性的功能菌株。在此基础上,对菌株产生的有机酸、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和嗜铁素也进行了定量测定与种类划分。结果表明:共有12 株功能菌株被筛选得到,分别编号为B7、B9、C9、D5、E12、F5、G3、H5、J8、L9、M3、O9,其中多株菌株同时具有固氮溶磷解钾等生物学活性;12株菌株分别属于Pantoea、Pseudomonas、Enterobacter、Serratia、Acinetobacter和Bacillus 6个属。进一步功能研究结果表明:菌株G3与C9对于无机磷和有机磷的溶解能力较强,溶磷量分别为1 386.97±331.96与2 523±68.17 mg/L;菌株M3解钾能力较强,解钾量为8.59±0.08 mg/L;各菌株所产生的有机酸主要为酒石酸,其次为苹果酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸;12株功能菌株可产生IAA及嗜铁素,但产生嗜铁素的种类随菌株而异;各菌株与甘蔗种苗共培养过程中均能促进甘蔗种苗芽长与根长的生长,其中表现较优的有E12、C9、G3菌株处理组。该研究可为后续微生物菌肥开发奠定材料基础,也为相关研究提供参考。     

玉米苗期室内菌土接种丝黑穗病菌侵染条件的优化

研究以高感丝黑穗病玉米自交系黄早四为材料,模拟大田环境在室内研究温度、土壤湿度、菌土浓度等因素对玉米苗期丝黑穗病菌侵染效果的影响。采用正交试验设计,借助PCR检测技术分析9种不同条件下病菌侵染率,通过多重比较筛选出最优侵染条件;在优化的侵染条件下室内接种已知不同抗性级别的20份玉米自交系,并移栽到田间验证侵染效果。结果表明,室内接种丝黑穗病菌最佳侵染条件为土壤湿度20%,菌土浓度1%,20℃光照培养8 h和15℃暗培养16 h变温培养;20份玉米自交系室内接种后移入田间发病率均高于历年田间直接接种发病率,两者呈极显著正相关。研究优化并验证玉米苗期丝黑穗病菌室内侵染条件,可为研究该病室内快速鉴定方法奠定基础。     

劳动创造了人:只是进化论中的一个因素——解读黄湛和李海涛对恩格斯原创思想的考证

"劳动创造了人本身"和"劳动创造了人"所说的"劳动",在类人猿向人的进化中确实起到了重要的作用。但是,类人猿在进化成人的过程中,不单单是"劳动"的一个环节、一种因素,类人猿的适应环境、手脚分工、直立行走、火的运用、食熟食和语言促使大脑不断地发达,食盐脱毛,婚配传代的演变,血缘家庭的形成等等,都是类人猿转化成人的重要环节和因素。"劳动"只是类人猿进化成人的一个因素。离开其它这些环节和因素,只谈"劳动创造了人",是不能成立的。