不同近交程度对藏獒体尺生长发育的影响

通过近交对河曲藏獒体尺生长发育影响的详细分析，发现随着近交系数的增加，体长、体高、胸围和管围都趋近于正态分布。近交系数为0．0652的藏獒，2—3月龄体长和3月龄管国有较大生长强度，2月龄体高生长强度不及近交系数0．0893组，体长、胸围和管围没有明显下降趋势。藏獒近交系数大于0.0652，除了体高生长强度外，其他体尺生长发育出现近交衰退趋势。     

退化期的乳腺凋亡及其调节机理

在动物哺乳周期中,乳腺经历发育、分化和退化的循环过程。动物的妊娠期、哺乳期和退化期与乳腺细胞数量的变化有密切关系,乳腺细胞的数量变化决定了哺乳期间的产奶量,退化期的幸存细胞数量可能影响哺乳期的生产力。近来研究表明:乳腺退化期主要通过细胞凋亡途径减少细胞数量。本文对退化期的乳腺凋亡及其调节机理进行了综述。     

干旱胁迫对鹰嘴紫云英种子萌发及幼苗叶绿素荧光特性的影响

为探明鹰嘴紫云英(Astragalus cicer)在干旱胁迫下的种子萌发及幼苗叶绿素荧光特性,本研究采用聚乙二醇(PEG‐6000)溶液模拟干旱胁迫,在鹰嘴紫云英种子萌发期共设置 7 个浓度处理,分别为 0(对照)、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%,分析种子萌发及生长特性;幼苗期共设置 4 个浓度处理, 分别为 0(对照)、10%(轻度)、20%(中度)、30%(重度),分析不同胁迫时间(0、2、4、6、8、10 d)下的幼苗光合色素含量及荧光参数动态变化特征。结果显示：(1)在 5%~10%PEG 下,种子萌发和胚根生长得到一定程度促进,发芽势、胚根长度、干重等显著上升,而随胁迫程度加深,种子萌发及生长受到明显抑制,于 30%PEG 下,发芽率趋近于 0,相对胁迫率趋近于 100%。(2)轻度胁迫下,光合色素含量小幅度上升,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)显著增加,第 10 天较对照增加 110. 6%(P＜0. 05);中度胁迫下,叶绿素 b 含量、NPQ 呈先升高后降低趋势,实际光化学量子 Yield 含量、相对光合电子传递速率(ETR)于胁迫末期显著降低,第 10 天较对照分别减少 34. 2%、50. 6%;重度胁迫下,叶绿素含量呈降低趋势,而类胡萝卜素含量于胁迫中期明显增加,第 6 天较对照增加 20. 5%,Yield、ETR 于胁迫后期明显减小,第 10 天较对照分别减少 42. 5%、61. 4%。综上所述,鹰嘴紫云英对轻度、中度干旱胁迫具有较强耐受性,能在幼苗期提升叶片内光合色素含量、加快光合电子传递速率、增加光化学电子产量、增强热耗散性能等一系列生理调节措施来适应逆境,而对重度干旱胁迫抵抗力较差,种子萌发及生长受到严重抑制,幼苗光合系统遭到严重破坏,叶绿素含量及荧光参数显著下降。     

赣县长防林工程生态效益调查

通过一系列的调查、统计及数据分析,其结果证明了赣县在长防林工程实施后森林资源显著增长,水土流失大幅度减少,生态环境不断改善.     

不同利用方式紫花苜蓿地土壤含水量和容重的比较研究

为了研究不同利用方式紫花苜蓿地土壤含水量和土壤容重的季节和剖面变化特征,试验采用样点定位、季节动态监测的方法,对苜蓿种子田和苜蓿生产田的土壤含水量和土壤容重进行了测定。结果表明:0~10 cm土层紫花苜蓿种子田和紫花苜蓿生产田土壤含水量总体表现为随着月份的增加呈现"W"型变化趋势,最大值均在7月下旬出现,分别为27.30%和23.79%;≥10~20 cm土层和≥20~30 cm土层土壤含水量各月份差异不大。0~10 cm土层苜蓿种子田和苜蓿生产田土壤容重随着月份的增加呈现先降低后增加之后又降低的趋势,总体表现为苜蓿种子田苜蓿生产田;≥10~20 cm和≥20~30 cm土层变化比较平稳。苜蓿种子田和苜蓿生产田土壤含水量和容重在垂直方向随着土层深度的增加表现出不同的变化规律。     

Stakeholder perspectives on the use of pig meat inspection as a health and welfare diagnostic tool in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland; a SWOT analysis

Background

A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis is a strategic management tool applied to policy planning and decision-making. This short report presents the results of a SWOT analysis, carried out with n?=?16 stakeholders i) involved in the pig industry in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, and ii) in general animal welfare and food safety policy areas. As part of a larger study called PIGWELFIND, the analysis sought to explore the potential development of pig meat inspection as an animal welfare and diagnostic tool.

Findings

The final SWOT framework comprised two strengths, three opportunities, six weaknesses, and five threats. Issues around relationships and communication between producers and their veterinary practitioner, processors and producers were common to both the strengths and weakness clusters. Practical challenges within the processing plant were also named. Overall, the SWOT framework complements results reported in Devitt et al. (Ir Vet J 69:2, 2016) regarding problematic issues within the current system of information feedback on meat inspection especially within the Republic of Ireland, and the wider challenges of communication and problems of distrust.

Conclusion

The results of the SWOT analysis support the conclusions from Devitt et al. (Ir Vet J 69:2, 2016), that trust between all stakeholders across the supply chain will be essential for the development of an effective environment in which to realise the full diagnostic potential of MI data. Further stakeholder engagement could seek to apply the findings of the SWOT analysis to a policy Delphi methodology, as used elsewhere.

     

B‐Mode and Doppler Sonography of the Mammary Glands in Dairy Goats for Mastitis Diagnosis

This study aimed to evaluate the sonographic characteristics of the udder and teats and to determine the Doppler indexes of mammary artery in healthy and undergoing subclinical and clinical mastitis goats. Thirty animals among Saanen and Alpine Brown goats were arranged in three groups, healthy goats (HG), goats with subclinical mastitis (SMG) and goats with clinical mastitis (CMG). Using the B‐mode, the sonographic characteristics (echotexture and echogenicity) and biometry (diameter and area of the udder cistern, diameter and area of the teat cistern and thickness of the teat wall) were evaluated. Using Doppler ultrasonography, the vascular indexes of the mammary artery were obtained. It was observed hyperechogenicity with solid component in the gland cistern when comparing animals with clinical mastitis and healthy mammary tissue. Regarding the echotexture of the breast tissue, there was heterogeneity in the mammary parenchyma on the three groups, for the milk, it was observed homogeneity for animals on HG and SMG and heterogeneity for animals on CMG. Grey‐scale quantitative assessment revealed increase in echogenicity (mean value) for all the structures when comparing the three groups. Biometry did not reveal statistical difference between groups, for none of the evaluated structures. Doppler examination of the mammary artery showed the decrease of end diastolic velocity and raise of pulsatility index between groups. The association of B‐mode and Doppler ultrasonography is useful for the evaluation of the udder of dairy goats with mastitis. It is a sensitive and specific method for the study of this disease. Doppler mode was unable to establish reliable criteria for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis. Moreover, the quantification of echogenicity is a useful technique for the evaluation of the milk in animals with mastitis; therefore, it is suggested that it can be used as complementary technique for the diagnosis of mastitis in goats.     

绵羊多羔主效基因BMPR1B的研究进展

骨形态发生蛋白受体1B(Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B,BMPR1B)是一种重要的跨膜受体蛋白,主要参与转化生长因子β(TGF-β)通路,其在调控成骨分化、细胞扩散以及卵巢卵泡发育等过程中起重要作用,并直接影响如绵羊等动物的繁殖性状。绵羊BMPR1B基因发生A746G突变(命名为FecB突变),导致第249位氨基酸由谷氨酰胺(Q)转变为精氨酸(R),进而使得绵羊排卵数和产羔数显著增加,因此BMPR1B成为目前最受关注的绵羊多羔主效基因。论文就绵羊BMPR1B基因定位、功能机制研究进展及其对高繁殖力绵羊的影响进行了综述,同时也对BMPR1B功能研究中一些亟待解决的问题展开了讨论。