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121.
Glycosaminoglycans (gag) and keratan sulphate (ks) were measured in sera and synovial fluids from dogs with either osteoarthritis (oa) or rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (ccl) and normal dogs. The dogs with oa had higher synovial fluid gag levels (P<0·002) and serum KS (P<0·03) compared to the normal dogs. No significant differences in serum gag were found in either group. In both oa and rupture of the ccl, gag levels were increased in the synovial fluid from the affected joint compared with the clinically normal (inactive) contralateral joint. Neither gag nor ks measurements correlated with serum and synovial fluid antibodies to collagen type II, synovial fluid white cell count or age of dog. It is unlikely that the measurement of these cartilage breakdown products is of value for diagnostic or prognostic use in canine arthropathies. 相似文献
122.
C. G. Bookhout R. J. Monroe R. B. Forward Jr. J. D. Costlow Jr. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1984,21(1-4):199-216
Survival of Rhithropanopeus harrisii larvae from hatching to first crab stage occurred in Na2CrO4 concentrations from 1.1 to 29.1 ppm. Estimated LC50 for complete zoeal development was 17.8 ppm Na2CrO4 and it was 13.7 ppm for development to first crab stage. A concentration of 1.1 ppm Na2CrO4 was nontoxic, while Na2CrO4 concentrations of 7.2 and 14.5 ppm were sublethal and concentrations of 29.1 to 58.1 ppm were acutely toxic. Low concentrations of Na2Cr04 caused an increase in swimming speed and high concentrations caused a decline. Survival of Callinectes sapidus larvae occurred in Na2CrO4 concentrations from 1.1 to 4.7 ppm. The LC50 for complete zoeal development was estimated to be 2.9 ppm Na2CrO4 and the LC50 for development to first crab stage was estimated to be 1.0 ppm Na2CrO4 The total Cr in sodium chromate is 32% by weight (Tacey,1981), hence, the total Cr concentrations tested were 32% of the Cr salts given above. Statistical analyses of the data on survival, duration and mortality of larvae are presented. 相似文献
123.
Bread-making quality indices (dough strength and dough mixing stability) in relation to flour protein content, glutenin/gliadin ratio, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin have been investigated in Triticum aestivum progenies during a three year agronomic trial. Dough strength (W) proved to be a fairly stable characteristic, slightly but positively correlated with flour protein content. High could be associated with a high glutenin/gliadin ratio as well as with the presence of specific HMW. subunits of glutenin, while high protein content tended to favour a balanced dough tenacity-extensibility ratio (P/L = 0.4—0.6). Satisfactory values of dough-mixing stability were frequently observed in association with good expression of W showing that the two quality traits may coexist without much difficulty in the same genotype. From the plant breeding standpoint the data suggest feasible to obtain high dough strength by concentrating in a genotype the HMW subunits of glutenin known to have a beneficial effect on W. However, very high W may present unfavourable P/L ratios. This possibility is enhanced when the flour has a low protein content which often occurs in high yielding genotypes. 相似文献
124.
125.
Barus C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1918,48(1241):374-376
126.
127.
The performance of insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees (Populusnigra) expressing a Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD-1 against poplar defoliators was evaluated in the field at the Manas Forest Station in Xinjiang Uygur
Autonomous Region during1994–1997. The results showed that the average percentage of highly damaged leaves on the transgenic
trees was 10% while that on the control trees in nearby plantations reached 80–90%. The average number of pupae per m2 of soil at 20cm depth in transgenic poplar plantation was 18 which was only 20% of that found in the non-transgenic control
field. The number of pupae and the leaf-damage on transgenic trees described above are all far below the threshold set for
chemical protection measures. The non-transformed poplar trees grown in the same plantation with the transgenic trees were
also protected indicating that cross protection occurred between these two kinds of trees. Insect-resistant transgenic poplar
trees have a potential application value in afforestation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
128.
Schnell RJ Kuhn DN Brown JS Olano CT Phillips-Mora W Amores FM Motamayor JC 《Phytopathology》2007,97(12):1664-1669
ABSTRACT Production of cacao in tropical America has been severely affected by fungal pathogens causing diseases known as witches' broom (WB, caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa), frosty pod (FP, caused by M. roreri) and black pod (BP, caused by Phytophthora spp.). BP is pan-tropical and causes losses in all producing areas. WB is found in South America and parts of the Caribbean, while FP is found in Central America and parts of South America. Together, these diseases were responsible for over 700 million US dollars in losses in 2001 (4). Commercial cacao production in West Africa and South Asia are not yet affected by WB and FP, but cacao grown in these regions is susceptible to both. With the goal of providing new disease resistant cultivars the USDA-ARS and Mars, Inc. have developed a marker assisted selection (MAS) program. Quantitative trait loci have been identified for resistance to WB, FP, and BP. The potential usefulness of these markers in identifying resistant individuals has been confirmed in an experimental F(1) family in Ecuador. 相似文献
129.
M. von Lützow L. Zelles I. Scheunert J. C. G. Ottow 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,13(3):130-134
Summary Seasonal effects of liming, irrigation, and acid precipitation on microbial biomass N and some physicochemical properties of different topsoil horizons in a spruce forest (Picea abies L.) were measured throughout one growing season. The highest biomass N was recorded in autumn and spring in the upper soil horizons, while the lowest values were obtained in summer and in deeper horizons. The clearest differences between the different soil treatments were apparent in autumn and in the upper horizons. Liming increased the microbial biomass N from 1.7% of the total N content to 6.8% (Olf1 layer) and from 1% to 2% of the total N content in the Of2 layer. The main inorganic-N fraction in the deeper horizons was NO
inf3
sup-
. An increase in cation exchange capacity was observed down to the Oh layer, while soil pH was only slightly higher in the Olf1 and Of2 layers after liming. The effects of irrigation were less marked. The microbial biomass N increased from 1.7% of total N to 4.8% in the Olf1 layer and from 1% to 2% of total N in the Of2 layer. In the Olf1 layer an increase in C mineralization was observed. Acid precipitation decreased the microbial biomass N in the upper horizons from 4.8% of total N to 1.8% in the Olf1 layer and from 2% to 0.5% in the Of2 layer. No significant changes in soil pH were observed, but the decrease in cation exchange capacity may result in a decrease in the proton buffering capacity in the near future. 相似文献
130.