不同地区及不同季节的柞蚕寄生蝇RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对不同地区及不同季节发生危害的柞蚕寄生蝇进行了遗传多态性研究。选取11个随机引物对14份供试材料的基因组DNA进行扩增,共扩增出140条稳定条带,其中128(91.43%)条为多态性条带,表明柞蚕饰腹寄蝇(Blepharipa tibialis)、秋柞蚕寄生蝇(未命名)及栗蚕寄生蝇(未命名)间具有丰富的多态性。各材料间的遗传距离在0.0214~0.5143之间,利用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,14份供试材料可聚为两大类:栗蚕(Dic-tyoplocajaponica)寄生蝇与寄生柞蚕的寄生蝇各聚为一类,其中来自河南省的柞蚕饰腹寄蝇自成一类,来自东北地区的柞蚕饰腹寄蝇与秋柞蚕寄生蝇又各自聚为一类。     

饲粮中添加不同生物制剂对杜寒杂交肉羊生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在比较饲粮添加不同生物制剂对杜寒杂交肉羊生产性能、屠宰性能、组织器官发育及肉品质的影响。采用单因素试验设计,选取平均体重约为32 kg的杜寒杂交F1代肉羊160只,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复8只。对照组采用基础饲粮,试验组分别添加21 mg/kg莫能菌素、4×109CFU/kg地衣芽孢杆菌、3.2×109CFU/kg酿酒酵母菌、1.1 g/kg复合生物制剂(地衣芽孢杆菌≥6×109CFU/g、酿酒酵母菌≥4×109CFU/g、碱性蛋白酶≥1 000 U/g)。预试期10 d,正试期56 d,每2 d记录1次采食量,每20 d进行1次称重,当复合生物制剂组羊只的平均体重达到约50 kg时,每组选取10只羊进行屠宰,测定其屠宰性能、组织器官重量和肉品质指标。结果表明:1)复合生物制剂组平均日增重、屠宰率显著高于对照组(P0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组和复合生物制剂组料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)地衣芽孢杆菌组、酿酒酵母菌组、复合生物制剂组复胃重量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),复合生物制剂组复胃重量占宰前活重比例显著高于对照组和莫能菌素组(P0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组、酿酒酵母菌组、复合生物制剂组小肠重量及其占宰前活重比例均显著高于对照组、莫能菌素组(P0.05)。3)酿酒酵母菌组肾脏重量占宰前活重比例显著高于对照组(P0.05),其他内脏器官重量占宰前活重比例在各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。4)各组肉品质指标差异不显著(P0.05)。综合得出,从作为饲料添加剂对肉羊生产性能作用效果来看,地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌、复合生物制剂可以替代莫能菌素,地衣芽孢杆菌好于酿酒酵母菌,复合生物制剂最佳。     

Inductive expression of the NOD1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum

1. The aim of this study was to describe the role of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) receptor signalling in chicken.

2. Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11 or p38) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues.

3. Salmonella pullorum infection activated NOD1 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro, resulting in significant induction of downstream signalling molecules RIPK2, NF-κB/p65, MAPK11/p38 and the effector molecules IL-1b and IL-8.

4. Activation of NOD1 by its agonist bacterial γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) in HD11 cells induced the adapter molecular RIPK2 and activated the NF-κB/p65 and MAPK11/p38 pathways, resulting in an increase in IL-8 but not IL-1β. Additionally, inhibition of NOD1 using NOD1-shRNA resulted in downregulation of RIPK2, MAPK11 and IL-8, while NF-κB/p65 and IL-1β were unaltered.

5. These results highlight the important role of NOD1 receptors in eliciting the innate immune response following pathogenic invasion in chicken.     

断奶对仔猪肠道屏障的影响及营养调控

在集约化养殖中,3~4周龄早期断奶是仔猪生命周期中一个非常紧张的时期,此时仔猪胃肠道还未发育成熟。肠道屏障由上皮、免疫和肠神经系统组成,这些系统控制上皮屏障的完整性以及肠道功能,包括肠腔营养物质、水和电解质的运输。早期断奶导致肠道通透性增加,出现胃肠功能紊乱的情况,可能对猪只一生产生长期的影响。因此,仔猪断奶饲粮需要正确水平的营养素、营养源和高质量的添加剂,鼓励仔猪快速进食,减轻或消除断奶应激综合症,降低死亡率和发病率。养猪就是养肠道,合理使用功能性氨基酸、植物化学物质和有机酸等添加剂,能够修复由于断奶应激综合症导致的肠道屏障功能障碍。     

羊草草原群落初级生产力动态研究

在锡林郭勒盟南部羊草草原对群落初级生产力动态进行11年的定位研究,结果表明:群落地上生物量有着显著的波动,在11年中遇丰年3个、平年7个、欠年1个。群落地上生物量季节积累动态符合Compertz曲线B_t＝B_max·e^-ea-kt,其高峰值出现在返青后的125.2～162.7天。制约群落地上生物量波动的限制因素是水分条件。建立了群落地上生物量与水热因子关系的数学模型。根据这些规律作者对畜牧业生产提出了合理建议。     

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling

Non-infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S-phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling.     

矮小型褐壳蛋鸡产蛋时间和间隔的统计分析

本文对８８０只纯系矮小型褐壳蛋鸡的产蛋时间进行了连续５天的观察,分析结果表明,矮小型褐壳蛋鸡的产蛋时间集中在上午１２时以前,并以９：００～１０：００期间产蛋最为密集,占全天产蛋的１９．５％。连产内第一枚蛋产出时间集中在上午（８９：３３％）,以７：００～９：００间产蛋最多（４９．７１％）;而最后一枚蛋产出时间集中在下午（７１．２０％）,以２：００～４：００间产蛋最多（３６．５８％）。矮小型褐壳蛋鸡连产内产蛋间隔范围为２２．３５～３１．１５小时,每枚蛋平均间隔高峰在２４小时（３６．０％）,群体平均产蛋间隔为２５．０８小时。相邻连产间间隔时间的变异范围很大,最短为３８．０小时,最长达１００．４５小时。     

Application of in vitro fertilisation techniques to obtain calves from valuable cows after slaughter.

The ovaries of two infertile cows of high breeding value were recovered after slaughter, and a total of 222 oocytes were obtained. Of these, 156 were classified as of good or fair quality and were subjected to in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilisation (using frozen semen from three bulls of high breeding value) and in vitro culture procedures. After eight days, 27 embryos were obtained, of which 13 were transferred fresh, and 14 were frozen. Three recipients of fresh embryos became pregnant; two calved and one aborted at four months. One of eight recipients of frozen-thawed embryos became pregnant but aborted at three months.     

对《我县首例动物防疫行政复议案件顺利结案》一文的再商榷

《中国动物检疫》2011年第1期,刊登了江苏省如东县动物卫生监督所高丰撰写的《我县首例动物防疫行政复议案件顺利结案》一文,本刊第4期又刊登了陕西省汉中市汉台区动物卫生监督所任润和等作者撰写的《对〈我县首例动物防疫行政复议案件顺利结案〉一文的商榷》,本作者与前两期作者在法律适用