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排序方式: 共有177条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
171.
Kobayashi Y Okuda H Nakamura K Sato G Itou T Carvalho AA Silva MV Mota CS Ito FH Sakai T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(11):1145-1154
To investigate the genetic characteristics of phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) genes of variable rabies virus (RV) prevalent in Brazil, the authors genetically characterized the P and M genes from 30 Brazilian RV field isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on the P and M genes revealed the presence of six RV variants that consisted primarily of three insectivorous bats, the vampire bat, dog and fox in Brazil. Specific amino acid substitutions corresponding to these phylogenetic lineages were observed, with Asp(42) and Glu(62) in the P protein found to be characteristic of Brazilian chiroptera- and carnivora-related RVs, respectively. Amino acid sequence motifs predicted to associate with a viral function in the P and M proteins were conserved among Brazilian RV variants. 相似文献
172.
The groundwater recharge function, one example of the multifunctionality of agriculture, is closely related to hydrogeological phenomena and socioeconomic factors such as pumpage and land use. A long-term evaluation of the groundwater recharge function is necessary to understand its role among the multiple functions of agriculture. The Nobi Plain, one of the largest coastal plains in Japan, was selected as the study area because it has experienced typical socioeconomic changes. We conducted a long-term evaluation of the groundwater recharge function based on simple water-balance equations using long-term data on groundwater levels and river flows. Leakage recharge from paddy fields in 1975 was about 2.8×108 m3/year, decreased to 0.6×108 m3/year in 1984, and ceased in 1985. Its monetary value of the function in 1975 was estimated by the replacement cost method, was about $56 million for 20 ha×103 ha of paddy fields. The value per unit area of paddy fields was calculated as $2820/ha and that in Japan was calculated as $400/ha. Paddy fields in suburbs of big cities have a higher value than the average paddy field in Japan. However, this recharge value is no longer produced because no leakage recharge occurs at present owing to socioeconomic changes. 相似文献
173.
Takeo Tsuchihara Satoshi Ishida Masayuki Imaizumi Toshihiko Kawachi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2006,4(3):125-137
The hydro-environmental aspects of a small, endangered wetland (Totsuru wetland), located in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, are investigated, and the efficacy of a proposed engineering strategy for restoring the wetland is examined. Taking 222Rn as a target tracer and building a static 222Rn mass balance equation, the share of groundwater-genetic surface water in yielding the entire surface water in the wetland is appraised. The share is also appraised by using a different approach based on a non-static, site-specific water balance model. Both approaches yielded nearly the same percentage share, and therefore, it is concluded that 70% or more of the surface water entering the Totsuru swamp through the natural rivers is groundwater genetic. Using the water balance model, it is deduced that the reverse flow from the Uenbetsu drainage river is not less than 30% of the entire surface water flow entering the swamp, and therefore contributes considerably to mitigating the shrinkage of the swamp. Finally, through numerical experiments, it is shown that raising the water level of the Uenbetsu drainage river with a constructed weir to enhance the reverse flow is efficacious for restoring the wetland. 相似文献
174.
The Japanese government started to construct two subsurface dams on Miyako Island in 1988, and the project was completed in 2001. Before the construction of the dams, the NO3-N concentration of groundwater on the island was about 10 mg/l, the upper limit for drinking water in Japan, owing to the application of fertilizer to sugarcane fields. Predicting the effect of these subsurface dams on the groundwater environment was difficult because they were probably the first mega-subsurface dams in the world. We measured the NO3-N concentration in the groundwater at observation wells before and after construction of the Sunagawa Dam and after the groundwater began to be used. We also measured the NO3-N concentration monthly at a typical observation well in the catchment over a period 14 years to evaluate the environmental impact of construction of the dam. The highest NO3-N concentrations were downstream before completion of the subsurface dam, and a high NO3-N concentration zone remained around the cut-off wall after its completion, but this high-concentration zone disappeared and the distribution of NO3-N became uniform after pumping of the groundwater began. Overall, the NO3-N concentration decreased gradually. These results show that the groundwater quality did not deteriorate as a result of the construction of the Sunagawa Subsurface Dam. 相似文献
175.
Motohiro Hasegawa Kenji Fukuyama Shunichi Makino Isamu Okochi Hideaki Goto Takeo Mizoguchi Tadashi Sakata Hiroshi Tanaka 《Pedobiologia》2006,50(2):117-126
The structure and feeding group composition of collembolan communities were studied in secondary deciduous forests of different ages to investigate the collembolan community response to environmental changes associated with forest cycles. The study was carried out at eight sites forming a chronosequence (1, 4, 12, 24, 51, 54, 71 and 128 years after clear cutting) of deciduous forest stands in northern Ibaraki (Japan). Total collembolan density and species richness was low at the 1-year-old site, and there was little difference in density among sites over 4 years of age. The density of sucking feeders was especially low at the 1-year-old site. Species richness of trees of a diameter at breast height (DBH)<5 cm positively correlated with the density of fungal feeders. Species richness of total Collembolans and of sucking feeders correlated positively with the water content of the organic layer. Ordination of the collembolan community with Canonical Correspondence Analysis suggested that species richness of larger trees (DBH 5 cm) contributed to the differences in species composition of fungal feeders and sucking feeders. We conclude that total abundance and species richness of collembolans recovered within 4 years after clear-cutting, but species composition of fungal feeders and sucking feeders took longer to recover. 相似文献
176.
Aung Zaw Htwe Seinn Moh Moh Kyi Moe Takeo Yamakawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(4):449-454
Co-inoculation of selected nitrogen-fixing bacteria with plant growth-promoting bacteria is the promising way for the improvement of soybean production through enhancing plant growth, nodulation, and N2 fixation. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to study the effects of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium elkanii BLY3-8 with Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 on plant growth, nodulation, N2 fixation, N uptake, and seed yield of Rj4 soybean varieties. Two experiments with completely randomized design and three replicates were done in this study. N2-fixation ability of soybean was evaluated by acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and relative ureide method. In the first experiment, synergetic effect in N2 fixation and nodulation was occurred in co-inoculation treatment (BLY3-8 + P4) in Yezin-3 and Fukuyutaka. Based on these results, co-inoculation effect of BLY3-8 and P4 was assessed on Yezin-3 and Fukuyutaka varieties at three different growth stages, using Futsukaichi soil under natural environmental conditions. This study shows that co-inoculation of BLY3-8 and P4 significantly increased N2 fixation at V6 stage; plant growth, nodulation, N2 fixation, and N uptake at R3.5 stage; and shoot growth, N uptake, and seed yield at R8 stage, in Rj4 soybean varieties compared with the control. Significant difference in plant growth, nodulation, N2 fixation, N uptake, and yield between co-inoculation and control, not between single inoculation and control, suggests that there is a synergetic effect due to co-inoculation of BLY3-8 and P4. 相似文献
177.
冻融期气温与土壤水盐运移特征研究 总被引:21,自引:5,他引:16
在中国西北干旱、寒冷地区,冻融作用是土壤盐碱化独特的形成机制。该文以内蒙古河套灌区为例,基于田间实测资料,对土壤冻融期间多年水分、盐分和温度的变化规律进行分析。研究结果表明:不同土层各个年度的土壤温度变化规律基本一致,土壤温度的变化滞后于气温的变化,而且滞后时间随着土层深度的增大而增大;气温的降低引起了土壤温度的降低,从而引起水分和盐分的迁移;盐分的时间变异系数(0.30~0.85)大于水分的变异系数(0.02~0.40),说明盐分的运移机制比水分运移机制复杂。该研究结果为河套灌区冻融土壤水热盐耦合模拟的研究和秋浇制度的制定提供了基础理论依据。 相似文献