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51.
Taketo Fujimoto Shinji Yasuoka Yoshiyuki Aono Takato Nakayama Takehiro Ohki Mitsuru Sayama Tetsuo Maoka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(2):124-136
The taxonomic assignment of Japanese potato blackleg isolates of Dickeya spp. has not been confirmed after the changes in their former name, Erwinia chrysanthemi. Therefore, we investigated and identified 23 representative isolates of Dickeya spp. from symptomatic stems of potatoes in Japan, with biochemical tests and phylogenetic sequence analysis using recA, dnaX, rpoD, gyrB, and 16S rDNA sequences. Results of our biochemical tests showed that all isolates can be assigned to phenon 5 and biovar 1, which are associated with D. dianthicola. Based on the recA, dnaX, rpoD, gyrB, and 16S rDNA sequences, all isolates are in the same clade with D. dianthicola and were clearly distinguished from D. chrysanthemi, D. dadantii, D. dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae, D. solani, D. zeae, and D. paradisiaca. Therefore, we conclude that Dickeya spp. isolated from potatoes with blackleg symptoms in Japan are D. dianthicola. 相似文献
52.
Information on the distributions of demersal and benthic fishes is fundamental for stock assessment and management. Spatiotemporal
changes in the distribution patterns of five pleuronectid species (flathead flounder Hippoglossoides dubius, Kamchatka flounder Atheresthes evermanni, roughscale sole Clidoderma asperrimum, slime flounder Microstomus achne, and Korean flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri) off the Pacific coast of northern Honshu, Japan, at depths of 150–900 m, were examined using a generalized linear mixed
model (GLMM). Densities of flathead and Korean flounder were highest in the southernmost area, where the fish were small.
The body lengths of both of these species increased from 2003 to 2008, suggesting that an abundant year class was recruited
in 2003. The density of Kamchatka flounder was highest in the northern area. In roughscale sole and slime flounder, there
were no distinctive annual and latitudinal trends in the density distributions. The density distribution of Korean flounder
was bimodal; the peaks were at depths of 210 and 410 m. The body length increased as the depth increased from 150 to 410 m,
and then decreased from 410 to 550 m. Moreover, “bigger–deeper” trends were observed in flathead, Kamchatka and slime flounder. 相似文献
53.
Kokuho T Inumaru S Watanabe S Kubota T 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2003,91(2):155-160
Porcine IL-12Rbeta2 gene was cloned from mRNA preparation of mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. To confirm the biological function, the entire open reading frame (ORF) was re-cloned into a mammalian expression vector, pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+), at the downstream of CMV promoter, and introduced to a Th1-like human lymphoma cell line, Jurkat E6-1. Antibiotic-resistant cells retaining the expression construct were selected then, isolated by the limiting dilution method. An established clone (10B10) constitutively expressed chimeric IL-12Rs composed of intrinsic (human) beta1 and extrinsic (porcine) beta2 subunits, and produced interferon (IFN)-gamma in response to IL-12 of both species with optimal PHA/PMA stimulation. The production of IFN-gamma was observed as early as 42 h after culture and appeared to be dose-dependent within the range between 20 and 2000 pg/ml. Thus, this clone not only reacts with IL-12 of both species but also provides a useful tool for quick and sensitive detection of IL-12 bioactivity. 相似文献
54.
We report a new strain of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) that is unable to systemically infect Cucumis melo. A spherical virus (W-isolate), about 30 nm in diameter like a carmovirus, was isolated from watermelons with necrotic symptoms. The W-isolate had little serological similarity to MNSV, and it did not cause any symptoms in six melon cultivars susceptible to MNSV; however, the host range of the W-isolate was limited exclusively to cucurbitaceous plants, and transmission by O. bornovanus was confirmed. Its genomic structure was identical to that of MNSV, and its p89 protein and coat protein (CP) showed 81.6 to 83.2% and 74.1 to 75.1% identity to those of MNSV, respectively. Analysis of protoplast showed that the W-isolate replicated in melons at the single-cell level. Furthermore, chimeric clones carrying the CP of MNSV induced necrotic spots in melons. These results suggested that the absence of symptoms in melons was due to a lack of ability of the W-isolate to move from cell to cell. In view of these findings, we propose that the new isolate should be classified as a novel MNSV watermelon strain. 相似文献
55.
Tomofumi Mochizuki Jun Ohnishi Takehiro Ohki Ayami Kanda Shinya Tsuda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(2):176-181
Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) is transmitted by the fungus Olpidium
bornovanus. In this study, we used immunofluorescence microscopy to detect MNSV particles over the entire surface of the O. bornovanus zoospore; MNSV particles were not detected on the related fungus O. virulentus, which cannot transmit MNSV. The amino acid substitution Ile → Phe at position 300 in the MNSV coat protein resulted in loss
of both specific binding and fungal transmission, while virion assembly and biological aspects were unaffected. Taken together,
these results suggest that the MNSV coat protein acts as a ligand to the O. bornovanus zoospore as part of a fungal-vector transmission system. 相似文献
56.
57.
Tsutomu Hattori Takehiro Okuda Yoji Narimatsu Yuji Ueda Masaki Ito 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):611-618
Nutritional status and feeding habits of immature female bighand thornyhead Sebastolobus macrochir were assessed based on Fulton’s condition factor K, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and stomach observations. Fish were obtained from bottom trawl samples taken seasonally during
2006/2007 in the Tohoku area, off the Pacific coast of northern Honshu, Japan. Results of the generalized linear model (GLM)
indicated that fish condition deteriorated with depth, and small fish had a lower K, HSI, and percent stomach content index (SCI) than larger specimens. The empty stomach rate was higher in deeper waters in
northern Tohoku (except for small fish from spring to autumn) and in southern Tohoku (spring/summer). Changes in the index
of relative importance (%IRI) showed that the main prey items changed from nutritionally high to low prey items with depth. This suggests that deeper
waters, where fish with the lowest condition values occur, are a poorer quality habitat for immature bighand thornyhead and
that small fish are subordinate to larger fish. The effect on growth, due to variations in nutritional status and feeding
habits, produced by the distributional changes in bighand thornyhead is also discussed. 相似文献
58.
Kenji HOSODA Hiroki MATSUYAMA Woong-Yeoul PARK Takehiro NISHIDA Motohiko ISHIDA 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(5):503-509
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of peppermint feeding on dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production in early lactating cows. Four Holstein cows were offered a diet with 5% dried peppermint and four Holstein cows remained on a diet without 5% of dried peppermint on a dry matter basis. The addition of peppermint to feed did not affect dry matter intake, although the eating time of feed was increased by mixing the feed with peppermint. There were no significant differences in the nutrient digestibilities between the two treatments. The ruminal ammonia and volatile fatty acids concentrations were similar in the two treatments, however, peppermint ingestion by cows led to a decrease in ruminal pH. The lowered pH value was within the stable pH condition range. No significant differences in the treatments were observed in milk production or milk composition except for the milk fat content. These results suggest that feeding peppermint to early lactating cows had little effect on their dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production. 相似文献
59.
Nishida T Hosoda K Matsuyama H Ishida M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2006,52(5):663-668
Blood flow to the gravid and nongravid uterine horns of four multiparous Holstein cows (mean +/- SD, BW=641.8 +/- 95.4 kg; age=4.8 +/- 1.2 years; parity=3.0 +/- 1.2) was measured on days 225, 248, and 266 of gestation. Surgery was conducted on day 214.5 +/- 4.0 of gestation through the flank of the standing cows. Transit-time ultrasonic flow probes (diameter 12 or 14 mm) were fitted surgically around the uterine arteries of each cow. Surgery was completed within two hours of anesthesia, and the animals recovered rapidly following surgery. Uterine blood flow (UBF, l/min) was recorded at 10 sec intervals for approximately 23.5 hours; these values were averaged to determine UBF. The mean gravid UBF was significantly (P<0.05) greater than the nongravid UBF in this study. The range of the gravid and nongravid UBFs varied from 3.61 to 14.05 and 0.72 to 6.54 l/min, respectively. There were no changes (P>0.1) in the mean gravid and nongravid UBFs from day 225 to 266 of gestation. 相似文献
60.
Di Toro G Hirose T Nielsen S Pennacchioni G Shimamoto T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5761):647-649
Melt produced by friction during earthquakes may act either as a coseismic fault lubricant or as a viscous brake. Here we estimate the dynamic shear resistance (tau(f)) in the presence of friction-induced melts from both exhumed faults and high-velocity (1.28 meters per second) frictional experiments. Exhumed faults within granitoids (tonalites) indicate low tau(f) at 10 kilometers in depth. Friction experiments on tonalite samples show that tau(f) depends weakly on normal stress. Extrapolation of experimental data yields tau(f) values consistent with the field estimates and well below the Byerlee strength. We conclude that friction-induced melts can lubricate faults at intermediate crustal depths. 相似文献