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221.
222.
Fumitoshi Yasuda Takao Kobayashi Hiroyuki Watanabe Hiroki Izawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):29-32
In June 1996, a leaf spot disease widely occurred in Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) orchards in Tottori Prefecture, Japan. The main diagnostic symptom was ring spot on the leaves and calyxes of young fruits;
in severe cases, lesions developed on more than half of the area of the leaf, resulting in early defoliation. Based on morphological
and pathological studies of the isolated fungi, it was shown that Pestalotiopsis longiseta, P. glandicola, P. acaciae, and P. crassiuscula were responsible for the diseases. These fungi, except P. longiseta, were found to be new pathogens of the disease.
Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: July 25, 2002 相似文献
223.
Junji NISHIKAWA Chiharu NAKASHIMA Takao KOBAYASHI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(1):46-48
A leaf spot disease on sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) was observed in Chiba Prefecture in 1997. The lesions were amphigenous, circular to irregular, hygrophanous, dark brown.
Stromata were amphigenous, composed of a few brown cells. Conidia with a thickened truncate base, filiform to cylindrical,
hyaline, were produced from conidiophores with thickened conidial scars. These morphological characteristics agreed with those
of Cercospora guatemalensis Mueller et Chupp. This species was new to Japan. The symptoms appeared 10 days after inoculation and the inoculated fungus
was re-isolated. Artificial sporulation and detection from commercial seeds were not successful.
Received 7 May 2001/ Accepted in revised form 7 August 2001 相似文献
224.
Shoot blight and leaf spots were found on highbush blueberry trees in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, in 1999. The causal fungus was identified
morphologically as Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds ex Simmonds. This is the first report of blueberry anthracnose caused by C. acutatum in Japan.
Received 16 November 2001/ Accepted in revised form 22 March 2002 相似文献
225.
Junji NISHIKAWA Chiharu NAKASHIMA Takao KOBAYASHI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):281-284
Brown leaf spot of Lantana camara L. and L. montevidensis Briq. caused by Pseudocercospora guianensis (Stevens et Solheim) Deighton was found in Shizuoka, Chiba, Kagoshima and Okinawa Prefectures. Pathogenicity of isolates from
the leaf spots was examined, and a taxonomic study as well as identification of the causal fungus was carried out. Similar
leaf spots appeared on 7 to 25 days after inoculation with the isolates on Lantana spp., and the same fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated leaves. Two hitherto known Pseudocercospora species on Lantana, P. guianensis and P. formosana, were considered to be variations within one species, and we identified the causal fungus as P. guianensis due to priority.
Received 25 September 2000/ Accepted in revised form 20 May 2001 相似文献
226.
Tetsuya Imai Toshiro Uchida Kunio Yamaguchi Hisashi Takao Takeshi Goto 《Pest management science》1994,40(1):9-16
The sterol 14α-demethylation inhibitors 1-(4-substituted phenoxymethyl)-2, 2-dimethylpropyl imidazole-1-carboxylates and their corresponding thiocarboxylates were optimized for maximum in-vitro activity against Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. in terms of the lipophilic parameter π. The activity of both carboxylates and thiocarboxylates was strongly related with π and predicted to be maximum at π 1.38 and 0.72 respectively. However, the preventive efficacy of the carboxylates against B. cinerea on Solanum melongena L. grown in a greenhouse did not correlate with the parameter. Despite the unfavourable lower lipophilicity, compounds with p-alkoxy substituents were superior to those with any other substituent. Moreover, the p-methoxy-substituted thiocarboxylate 46 was much less effective in greenhouse tests than the corresponding carboxylate 15, despite their equivalent in-vitro activity. To clarify these discrepancies, hydrolytic and photolytic stabilities of several representative compounds including 15 and 46 were investigated. The carboxylates examined were much more labile to hydrolysis than the thiocarboxylate 46; however, the four thiocarboxylates studied were less stable to light than the carboxylates. Consequently, the above discrepancies were attributable mainly to the superior stability of the carboxylates to photolysis as compared to the thiocarboxylates. 相似文献
227.
Nakagiri Takao Kato Hisaaki Maruyama Seiji Hashimoto Satoko Horino Haruhiko Sakurai Shinji 《Paddy and Water Environment》2019,17(3):463-473
Paddy and Water Environment - This study aims to investigate a possibility of quantitative assessment of the relationship between return flow from paddy fields and river regime by using hydrogen-... 相似文献
228.
Takao Masumoto Hitoshi Toritani Minoru Tada Akira Shimizu 《Paddy and Water Environment》2008,6(1):5-14
This special issue deals with water and food as it applies to water resources and rice production in the Mekong River Basin.
The range of papers reflects not only the broad interest but also the complexity of the topic. These reports are mainly based
on the research carried out by the project, “Assessment of the Impact of Global-Scale Change in Water Cycles on Food Production
and Alternative Policy Scenarios”. Hence the special issue gives a brief overview of the structure, goals, outcomes, and future
direction of the above project. What we do in this paper are: (1) giving an overview of the project’s structure and goals,
(2) stating the five common outcomes and several more specific results, and (3) looking forward to the future direction of
the project. The aim of our research is to draw up scenarios for optimum water-resource distribution and to develop social
guidelines, measures, and policies to help solving food and environmental problems by developing a world water–food model
that emphasizes rice production in Monsoon Asia. We have integrated all of the data gathered and the research results into
a food supply and demand model combined with a water-cycle analysis. We included operational factors, such as water-cycle
change, water demand, water supply, and water distribution in the model. Emphasis is placed on the use of efficient resource-management
technologies for proper use of water resources in agricultural and other sectors. The water–food model has been developed
as a tool for evaluating technical decisions derived under various policy scenarios. 相似文献
229.
Yoshio Awaya Nobuhiko Tanaka Kunihiro Tanaka Gen Takao Eiji Kodani Satoshi Tsuyuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2000,5(4):247-258
The relationship between the stand parameters (top layer height (H1) and volume/ha (Vha)) and digital number (DN) were evaluated
for evergreen conifer stands using three airborne images with 4-m spatial resolution, which were taken in June 1995, September
1993, and October 1994 using the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI). Estimation accuracy of the stand parameters,
their seasonal changes, and suitable wavelength were analyzed using correlation coefficients and a regression analysis. The
minimum DN of stands, which showed the darkness of a canopy shadow, had a higher correlation with H1 than the average and
maximum DN while the average DN had a higher correlation with Vha. The green channels gave the highest correlation coefficients
with H1 and Vha, which exceeded — 0.9 for the September and October images. However, the red channels had a consistently high
correlation with the stand parameters for the three images. The near infrared channels gave poor correlations with H1 and
Vha for the June image. Spectral variations among trees may affect the relationship between DN and the stand parameters in
the leaf maturation period in June. Consequently, the late growing season was better at giving consistent results for the
stand parameter studies. There was a linear relationship between the measured and the estimated stand parameters for the validation
plots especially for the H1 case of September with sufficient accuracy. Nadir viewing images, which had high spatial resolution
and a wide dynamic range such as the CASI images, were necessary to estimate the stand parameters accurately.
This study was also partly supported by the research project, ‘A Study of Accurate Biomass Estimation using Airborne Imagery,’
of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan. Comments from the editors helped improve the contents of the paper. 相似文献
230.
Luis Galarza Yasunori Akagi Kazumi Takao Chang Sun Kim Nitaro Maekawa Akihiro Itai Esther Peralta Efrén Santos Motoichiro Kodama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(3):201-210
Native Trichoderma spp. were isolated from agricultural fields in several regions of Ecuador. These isolates were characterized via morphological observation as well as molecular phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region, elongation factor-1α gene and RNA polymerase subunit II gene. Fifteen native Trichoderma spp. were identified as T. harzianum, T. asperellum, T. virens and T. reesei. Some of these strains showed strong antagonistic activities against several important pathogens in Ecuador, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Panama disease) and Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) on banana, as well as Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot) and Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches’ broom disease) on cacao. The isolates also showed inhibitory effects on in vitro colony growth tests against Japanese isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Alternaria alternata and Rosellinia necatrix. The native Trichoderma strains characterized here are potential biocontrol agents against important pathogens of banana and cacao in Ecuador. 相似文献