户外教育为基础的高校公共体育教学实践研究*

运用文献资料法、实地考察法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对高校户外教育为基础的公共体育教学中课程结构,教学设计、内容、时间分配及整体教学效果进行了实践检验和分析研究。研究表明,高校公共体育“全人教育”模式具有时代性、可行性和科学性,教学过程不仅注重体验与参与的重要性,也注重学生身体、心理、技术、组织参与等全面素质的培养,课程内容设置科学,课堂时间分配合理,整体教学效果良好,为新时期高校公共体育教育改革提供了借鉴参考。     

不同氮磷浓度对蛋白核小球藻砷富集和转化的影响

氮(N)、磷(P)是影响蛋白核小球藻生长的重要因素,通过改变培养液中N、P的浓度,可能实现对蛋白核小球藻富集砷(As)进行调控。为探讨N、P浓度对这种微藻吸收As的影响是否与其生长变化有关,采用室内培养实验,首先研究不同N、P浓度对蛋白核小球藻生长的影响;进而选择不影响小球藻生长的N(247、24.7 mg·L-1)、P(6、0.6 mg·L-1)浓度组合,设置0.8、8 mg·L-1的亚砷酸盐(As3+)和砷酸盐(As5+)处理3 d,研究N、P浓度对小球藻As富集和转化的影响。结果表明,当P浓度为6 mg·L-1时,N浓度降低到24.7 mg·L-1不会影响小球藻对As3+和As5+的富集及其胞内As形态的转化;而当N浓度为247 mg·L-1时,P浓度降低到0.6 mg·L-1则会显著增加小球藻对As3+和As5+的吸收和富集,藻细胞内As5+还原、甲基化和外排也显著增强。因此,在不影响小球藻细胞生长的条件下,P对其As富集和转化过程的影响比N更为显著。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Lipoxygenase Gene cDNA from Cucumber Fruit （Cucumis sativus L.）

Lipoxygenases are nonheme-iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyze the hydroperoxidation of unsatrated fatty acids containing a cis, cis-1,4-pentadiene structure producing hydroperoxy acids with conjugated dienes. LOX activity has been found in a wide range of plants. Typical substrates for LOX in plants are linoleic acid and linilenic acid fatty acids. The function of various LOXs in plants is unknown, but their participation in all stages of plant growth and development has been suggested （Hildebrand, 1989; Siedow, 1991）. Some of the physiological processes in whicn lipoxygenses have been implicated include wounding （Saravitz and Siedow, 1996）, pathogen attack （Melan et al., 1993）, seed germination （Kato et al., 1992）, fruit ripening （Ferrie et al., 1994）, plant senescence （Paliyath and Droillard, 1992）. The study on the role of lipoxygenase in ripening and senescence fruit focused on tomato and strawberry. Cloning LOX gene of cucumber fruit will make us further understand the molecularaction mode of this enzyme during fxuit ripening and senescence. In this paper we isolated the partial nucleotide sequences of cucumber fiuit lipoxygenase gene and discuss the characterization of it.     

The relation between pathogenicity and plaque size of Getah virus Kanagawa strain in suckling mice

The relation among biological properties, particularly pathogenicity for suckling mice, and plaque size was studied in four virus strains: Getah virus strain Kanagawa; two strains obtained by plaque cloning of the Kanagawa strain, Getah Kanagawa SP (G-K-SP) strain which forms small plaques (SP) only and strain G-K-LP which forms large plaques (LP) only; and strain Haruna which forms SP only. There were no marked differences among the four strains in serological properties, growth curves and sensitivity to pH, trypsin and temperature. Strain G-K-LP showed higher pathogenicity for suckling mice than strain G-K-SP. However, the pathogenicity of strain Haruna, which forms SP only, was as high as that of strain G-K-LP. Some of the clones in SP of strain Kanagawa kill all mice in 5 to 6 days after inoculation while the others required 9 to 11 days or longer before causing death. The present study showed that the pathogenicity of Getah viruses shortly after being isolated from the field, such as the Kanagawa strain, is different between large and small plaques, and even among small plaques, at least in suckling mice, and that the pathogenicity has no relation to plaque size.     

Effect of group size and feeder type on growth performance and feeding patterns in finishing pigs

The effects of four group sizes (2, 4, 8, and 12 pigs per pen) and two single-space feeder types (conventional and electronic feed intake recording equipment [FIRE]) on feed intake, growth performance, and feeding patterns were determined in 208 crossbred finishing pigs (equal numbers of barrows and gilts) between 84.4 (SD = 0.81) to 112.8 (SD = 1.08) kg BW over a 4-wk period. Pigs were given ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal-based diet (15.9% CP; 0.79% lysine; 3,328 kcal ME/kg). The floor space allowance was 0.9 m2/pig for all treatments. Growth rates were not different for the two feeder types; however, feed intake was lower and gain:feed ratio higher for pigs on the FIRE feeders (P < 0.01). Feed intake, growth rate, and gain:feed ratio were not different (P > 0.05) among the group sizes. Number of feeder visits per day decreased and feed intake per visit, feeder occupation time per visit, feed consumption rate, and percentage of time the feeder was occupied increased with group size (P < 0.05). Feed intake per visit had the strongest correlation with daily feed intake (r = 0.54; P < 0.01) and was negatively correlated with gain:feed ratio (r = -0.38; P < 0.01). However, the correlations between growth performance and other feeding pattern traits were relatively weak (r < or = 0.30). As group size increased, diurnal variation in number of feeder visits and feed consumed per hour decreased. There was no difference in time spent sitting and standing between the two feeder types. The proportion of time spent eating was generally lower for the larger groups on both feeders. The proportion of time spent lying was similar across group sizes for pigs on the conventional feeders but was greater for pigs in the larger groups on the FIRE feeders. This study suggests that finishing pigs can maintain feed intake and growth rate by changing feeding behavior as group size increases from 2 to 12.     

Morphological Study of the Surface Structure of the Omasal Laminae in Cattle, Sheep and Goats

The mucosal relief of the omasum in cattle, sheep and goats was examined by the naked eye, stereoscopic microscope and scanning electron microscope. The mucosal relief of the omasum showed wide variations both between and within these species. Omasal papillae on the laminae varied highly in shape, i. e. conical, rounded, claw-like, wart-like, finger-like etc. They decreased gradually in size from the oral to the aboral region of the omasal lamina. Ridge-like structures and linear arrangements of the papillae were also seen on the omasal laminae of cattle and sheep. Many grooves and folds were found on the lateral surface of the omasal papillae in adult cattle and on the inter-papillar surface of the laminae of all three species. The mucosal relief of the omasum in cattle seemed to be more well-developed than those of sheep and goats. Dietary effects on the omasal mucosa were also discussed.     

Bronchoscopy in small animal medicine: indications, instrumentation, and techniques

Bronchoscopy is a useful tool in the evaluation and management of canine and feline respiratory diseases. Diagnostic indications include the evaluation of structural diseases (tracheobronchial collapse, stricture, intraluminal mass); inflammatory conditions (chronic bronchitis, pneumonia); and traumatic injuries. Several airway-sampling techniques are available with bronchoscopy; bronchoalveolar lavage has proved to be the most satisfactory specimen-collection technique. Therapeutic indications of bronchoscopy at this time in veterinary medicine are mainly limited to foreign body removal. As advances are made in veterinary bronchopulmonary medicine, other therapeutic applications of the bronchoscope may be realized.     

Glutamate‐Like Neurons in the Turtle Brain

Glutamate acts as the excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is mediated largely by the vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). The objective of the study was to determine the distribution of VGLUT2 mRNA in the turtle brain by in situ hybridization. Intense expression was observed in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, nucleus dorsomedialis thalami, nucleus dorsolateralis thalami, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, nucleus reuniens and nucleus periventricularis hypothalami. Moderate expression was noticed in the nucleus rotundus, area lateralis hypothalami, reticular nucleus, cerebellar nucleus and nucleus cochlearis. In conclusion, this study reveals many glutamatergic neurons in the turtle brain.