Acibenzolar-S-methyl efficacy against bacterial brown stripe caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae in creeping bentgrass

Journal of General Plant Pathology - Bacterial brown stripe caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Aaa) causes serious damage on creeping bentgrass on golf course greens. However, there are few...     

Correlation with itchy feeling of fabric handling change by physicochemical processing of woolen fabric

The purpose of this research is in solution of two important subjects mutually related; (1) creation of fabrics of various handlings by finish processing and (2) mechanism of generation of itchy feeling acting as the hindrance of a comfortable clothing life and establishment of its objective evaluation method. For the purpose of solution of these two subjects, the same fabrics were used and they were changed by 18 kinds of different physicochemical procedures, which come out 18 levels of fabric handlings ranging from very soft to very stiff. As for handlings of 18 kinds of fabrics, the items of Hand Value were calculated based on all of KES basic properties in terms of KES procedures. Solution of these subjects is also connected with a high level of fabric finishing technology. On the other hand, one of the authors is an expert in fabric finish processing, and has been sure of itchy feeling of fabrics being closely connected with the hardness of fabrics from many years of experience. The degrees of itchy feeling for 18 kinds of fabric were judged by 50 evaluators of different ages and occupations, in terms of five ranks of evaluation method beforehand. As a result, itchy feeling had a high correlation with shear properties and Koshi, and had a negative high correlation with Numeri. It was confirmed that that itchy feeling could be evaluated by objective data of KES properties in terms of KES procedure.     

Evaluation of the PATHFAST Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay for Measuring Progesterone in Whole Blood and Serum of Mares

Evaluation of a new chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, the PATHFAST assay system (PATHFAST), for measurement of circulating progesterone in mares was performed. Five mares at the mid-luteal stage were administrated a single i.m. injection of prostaglandin F2α analog (PGF2α; cloprostenol 250 μg/ml), and then blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min, at one-hour intervals until 24 and at 48 hr via a catheter in the jugular vein. To monitor the physiological changes in circulating progesterone in mares after induced luteolysis, concentrations of progesterone in whole blood and serum samples were measured by PATHFAST. In addition, concentrations of progesterone in serum samples measured by PATHFAST were compared with those measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Using PATHFAST, the serum concentrations of progesterone in mares correlated highly with those of whole blood samples (r=0.9672, n=88). The serum concentrations of progesterone as measured by PATHFAST correlated well with RIA (r=0.9654, n=88) and EIA (r=0.9323, n=112). An abrupt decline in circulating progesterone in whole blood samples was observed within 2 hr (50%), followed by a gradual decline until 48 hr later. The results for progesterone in whole blood samples correlated highly with those in serum samples, and the declining pattern paralleled that of the serum samples. These results demonstrated that PATHFAST is useful in the equine clinic as an accurate diagnostic tool for rapid assay of progesterone within 26 min, using unextracted whole blood.     

Waxy wheat as a functional food for human consumption

Waxy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a type of wheat that was first developed in Japan, produces grain amylopectin. I carried out three researches. Firstly, using Japanese adults, we carried out sensory evaluation of three types of mochi (a dumpling-like cake made of steamed and pounded grains) prepared from waxy wheat, normal wheat and waxy rice, and demonstrated that waxy wheat mochi had low adhesiveness and had the greatest ease of swallowing among the samples tested. Secondly, using the members of the JSDR (the Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation) who attended the annual meeting, we performed another texture evaluations between waxy wheat and waxy rice mochi. The respondents reported waxy wheat mochi was less sticky and thus easier to chew and swallow than waxy rice mochi.     

Rhamnose-binding lectins induce respiratory burst activity in macrophage cells from rainbow trout

Rhamnose-binding lectins (RBLs) have been isolated and characterized from various kinds of fish. RBLs recognize the structures of lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acid on microbes, and have an opsonic effect, suggesting that RBLs play an important role as pattern recognition proteins in innate immunity. However, the function of RBLs in the removal of pathogens from the body has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of three RBLs—named CSL1, 2, and 3—that were isolated from chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta eggs on the respiratory burst activity in a macrophage cell line. The CSLs induced reactive oxygen species in the peritoneal macrophage cell line from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (RTM5). However, this activity was not affected by l-rhamnose or dl-threo-1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol, an inhibitor for glucosylceramide synthesis, indicating that the interaction between CSLs and Gb3 on cell surfaces was not involved in the induction of respiratory burst activity.     

甜瓜果实中乙烯生产量及一些相关性状的遗传分析

为改进甜瓜货架期,利用成熟果实乙烯释放量及变化速率存在显著差异的3个甜瓜变种为亲本,配制了皇后×9-8(非跃变类型材料间)和皇后×Charentais(非跃变类型与跃变类型材料间)两个组合,对各组合F1,F2及回交世代BC果实中乙烯的生成变化及果实脱落性、外果皮迅速黄化等相关性状的遗传变化进行了分析。结果表明,甜瓜果实中乙烯生成量为不完全显性遗传,受两对以上基因控制。在皇后×Charentais组合的F1中,内源乙烯含量在采收1d后表现出急剧升高,同时伴随着外果皮迅速黄化及果柄脱落的发生,根据这些性状在F2及分别与父母本回交世代中的不同分离比率指出,乙烯的跃变类型、外果皮迅速黄化及果柄脱落在甜瓜果实中为显性遗传。     

The first occurrence of leaf mold of tomato caused by races 4.9 and 4.9.11 of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Passalora fulva</Emphasis> (syn. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fulvia fulva</Emphasis>) in Japan

Tomato leaf mold caused by Passalora fulva was found on two tomato varieties carrying the Cf-9 gene in Japan, in 2007. The isolates obtained from Chiba and Fukushima were identified as race 4.9.11, and those from Gunma were races 4.9 or 4.9.11. This is the first report in Japan of tomato leaf mold caused by P. fulva strains that can overcome the Cf-9 gene.     

水稻耐冷性研究Ⅲ.特定颖花结实率作为耐冷性指标的分子依据

以云南稻种耐冷性资源昆明小白谷及弱耐冷性的日本品种十和田配制的杂交F2代为材料,采用159个RFLP及SSR分子标记构建的连锁图和STATISTIC等分析软件,以单株结实率作为耐冷性评价指标.分析结果显示单株结实率与单株特定颖花结实率之间的相关系数(r)为0.8364;与耐冷性(以单株结实率为指标)相关的分子标记有43个,分布在8条染色体     

The evaluation of the curd forming ability of milk replacers

Inadequate milk curd formation in the abomasum of newborn calves causes malnutrition and diarrhea. In order to define the factors of inadequate curd formation, we compared the curd forming ability among 9 kinds of milk replacers, bulk milk (raw milk), and skim milk both in vitro and in vivo . When rennet was added, the raw milk and one milk replacer formed firm curds. The rest of the milk replacers and skim milk did not form any curd. When a solution of HCl was added, raw milk, three milk replacers and skim milk formed the curd at pH 4.5, but the other milk replacers did not. When HCl was added following the rennet, raw milk, one milk replacer and skim milk formed the curd. In vivo , raw milk, two milk replacers and skim milk showed good curd formation whereas the other milk replacers showed poor curd formation inside the abomasums of the calves. This study showed that most of the milk replacers sold in Japan could not form the curd with rennet.