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81.
Takahisa Maeda Zifa Wang Masayasu Hayashi Meiyuan Huang 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1793-1798
Observations of air pollutants were conducted at Chengshantu in January 1996 to clarify the extent of trans-boundary pollution from the Asian continent. A nested air quality prediction modeling system (NAQPMS), which included parameters on emission, transport, diffusion, deposition and transformation of sulfur oxides, was performed to compile sulfur concentrations over the observation site. The model calculation reproduced the observed variations of sulfur oxides and sulfate well, although the model calculations could not reproduce the extensively low sulfate concentrations. Using nesting improves the ability of the modeling system to capture peak episodes seen in the observations. Calculation of the origins of deposited sulfur in each country with the NAQPMS shows that the long-range transport of sulfur is very serious. For Japan, 49% of sulfur deposition was from other countries during the campaign period. 相似文献
82.
Asai A Nakano T Takahashi M Nagao A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(18):7302-7306
A series of crocetin glycosides (crocins) are the main pigment of the stigmas of saffron (Crocussativus L.) and the fruits of gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis). Although numerous studies have demonstrated that crocetin and crocins have a variety of biological functions, the metabolism of dietary crocetin and crocins remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the intestinal absorption of orally administered crocetin and crocins in mice. Orally administered crocetin was rapidly absorbed into the blood circulation and was present in plasma as an intact free form and as glucuronide conjugates (crocetin-monoglucuronide and -diglucuronide). Crocetin and its glucuronide conjugates were also found in crocins-administered mouse plasma, whereas intact crocins (glycoside forms) were not detected. These results indicate that orally administered crocins are hydrolyzed to crocetin before or during intestinal absorption, and absorbed crocetin is partly metabolized to mono- and diglucuronide conjugates. 相似文献
83.
Seaweed accelerates the excretion of dioxin stored in rats 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To prevent health problems of humans exposed to dioxin, it is important to enhance the fecal excretion of dioxin stored in the body. The effects of seaweed such as wakame, hiziki, and kombu on the gastrointestinal absorption and reabsorption of 17 types of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners was investigated in Wistar rats. Rats were fed 4 g of the basal diet or a seaweed diet containing PCDD and PCDF standard solution [233 ng of toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg of body weight] once during the experiment period. In the group fed the 10% wakame diet, the levels of fecal excretion of PCDD and PCDF congeners were higher (p < 0.01) from days 1 to 5 by 2.8-fold for 2,3,7,8-TCDD, by 4.0-fold for 1,2,3,7,8-pentaCDD, by 3.4-fold for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexaCDD, by 3.2-fold for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexaCDD, by 2.5-fold for 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexaCDD, by 1.7-fold for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDD, by 1.1-fold for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octaCDD, by 3.0-fold for 2,3,7,8-tetraCDF, by 3.7-fold for 1,2,3,7,8-pentaCDF, by 3.7-fold for 2,3,4,7,8-pentaCDF, by 3.2-fold for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexaCDF, by 3.0-fold for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexaCDF, by 3.2-fold for 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexaCDF, by 2.9-fold for 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexaCDF, by 1.6-fold for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDF, by 2.2-fold for 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptaCDF, and by 1.2-fold for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octaCDF than those of the basal group, respectively. Rats were fed 4 g of the basal diet containing PCDD and PCDF standard solution (2991 ng of TEQ/kg of body weight) once on day 1 and then place on the basal diet for 7 days. After 1 week, the rats were fed either the basal diet or seaweed diet from days 8 to 35. In the group fed the 10% wakame diet, the levels of fecal excretion of PCDD and PCDF congeners were higher (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) during the period from days 8 to 35 by 1.7-fold for 2,3,7,8-TCDD, by 1.8-fold for 1,2,3,7,8-pentaCDD, by 2.0-fold for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexaCDD, by 1.9-fold for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexaCDD, by 1.6-fold for 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexaCDD, by 1.5-fold for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDD, by 2.0-fold for 2,3,4,7,8-pentaCDF, by 2.1-fold for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexaCDF, by 1.9-fold for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexaCDF, by 1.7-fold for 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexaCDF, by 1.5-fold for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDF, and by 1.9-fold for 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptaCDF than those of the basal group, respectively. These findings suggest that the administration of seaweed such as wakame is efficient in preventing the absorption and reabsorption of dioxin from the gastrointestinal tract and might be useful in treatment of humans exposed to dioxin. 相似文献
84.
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86.
Manabu YAMADA Kentaro MASUJIN Ken-ichiro KAMEYAMA Reiko YAMAZOE Takashi KUBO Kei IWATA Aiko TAMURA Hiroyuki HIBI Takayoshi SHIRATORI Shunjiro KOIZUMI Kousuke OHASHI Mitsutaka IKEZAWA Takehiro KOKUHO Makoto YAMAKAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2020,82(12):1835
We experimentally infected pigs with the African swine fever virus (ASFV) Armenia 07 strain (genotype II) to analyze the effect of different dose injections on clinical manifestations, virus-shedding patterns, histopathology, and transmission dynamics by direct contact. Each three pigs and four pigs were injected intramuscularly with 0.1 fifty percent hemadsorbing doses (HAD50)/ml, 101 HAD50/ml and 106 HAD50/ml of ASFV Armenia 07 strain, respectively. Each two of three pigs injected with 0.1 HAD50/ml and 101 HAD50/ml died by 10 days post inoculation. All pigs had a gross lesion of splenomegaly. Perigastric and renal lymph nodes were enlarged and resembled blood clots in nine of ten pigs. It was revealed that 0.1 HAD50/ml of this ASFV was sufficient to infect healthy pigs by intramuscular injection and caused sub-acute lethal disease. For the transmission study, two 8-week-old pigs were injected intramuscularly with 103 HAD50/ml of the same virus. Each of the experimentally inoculated pigs was co-housed with two 8-week-old naive pigs. All contact pigs exhibited clinical manifestations at 6 or 7 days after the experimentally inoculated pigs developed pyrexia. These findings suggest that this strain may spread slowly within a herd. Histologically, lymph nodes resembled blood clots were formed by severe blood absorption and followed hemorrhage result of disruption of the lymphoid sinus filling with absorbed red blood cells. The severity of the gross and histological lesions depended on duration after infection, regardless of the difference of injection doses in this study. 相似文献
87.
Watanabe O Ishii J Kitagaki T Okawa H Matsumoto H Kameyama M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(5):573-581
Establishment of a disposal plan for carcasses in advance is important for prevention of epidemics. A disposal plan for contaminated goods such as poultry carcasses infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was studied in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. We investigated all poultry farms with over 1,000 birds for their locations, species and numbers of birds, structure and size of poultry facilities and land spaces of the farms. Moreover, we judged whether they could dispose of all the carcasses at their farms. In 2005, 5.5 million layers and 2.7 million broilers were being kept. If HPAI had broken out, 44.0% of the farmers could bury all the carcasses, and 65.6% could compost them at their farms. However, 23.4% could not dispose of them except by burning them at incineration facilities. We decided to choose burning first for rapid disposal as long as the virus was not a pandemic type. 相似文献
88.
Hisaeda K Arima H Sonobe T Nasu M Hagiwara K Kirisawa R Takahashi T Kikuchi N Nagahata H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1399-1404
This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in acute-phase proteins and cytokine concentrations in dairy cows with naturally occurring peracute Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) mastitis and their association with the outcome of the disease. Seventeen Holstein cows with K. pneumoniae mastitis from 8 dairy farms were divided on the basis of outcome after local and systemic therapy into 2 groups comprising 8 euthanized cows and 9 that recovered. Changes in acute-phase proteins and cytokine concentrations in cows with K. pneumoniae mastitis were evaluated at the onset of the disease (day 0) and at days 3, 7 and 14 after therapy and compared with those of 13 healthy dairy cows. The concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp) and interleukin (IL)-6 in serum and α(1)-acid glycoprotein and IL-1β in serum and whey on day 0 were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the euthanized cows than in those that recovered and the healthy cows. A correlation (r=0.90, P<0.01, n=17) was found between IL-6 and Hp concentrations in sera from recovered and euthanized cows at day 0. This indicated that serum concentrations of Hp and IL-6 at the initial examination were prognostic factors for survival, and the cutoff values were 2,020 μg/ml and 32 ng/ml, respectively. These results suggest that IL-6 and Hp concentrations are involved in the manifestation of K. pneumoniae mastitis and may be possible indicators of the prognosis of peracute K. pneumoniae mastitis. 相似文献
89.
Mako Yamamoto Tsuguyuki Saito Akira Isogai Manabu Kurita Teiji Kondo Toru Taniguchi Rumi Kaida Keiichi Baba Takahisa Hayashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(1):71-75
Holocellulose samples prepared from transgenic poplars overexpressing xyloglucanase had crystal widths of 3.2–3.5 nm as a
result of the (2 0 0) plane, based on their X-ray diffraction patterns, and crystal widths were greater than those of the
wild type (3.0 nm). Cellulose microfibril widths in the holocellulose samples were further determined from transmission electron
microscopic (TEM) images of individualized fibrils prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical-mediated oxidation
of the holocelluloses and the successive disintegration of the oxidized products in water. The TEM images also supported the
finding that cellulose microfibril widths of transgenic poplars were larger than those of the wild type. The cellulose microfibril
widths of transgenic poplars were approximately 6 nm, whereas those of the wild type were about 5 nm. However, such enlargement
of cellulose microfibril widths could not be explained by the increased cellulose contents of the transgenic poplars alone. 相似文献
90.
Takahisa?KamadaEmail author Motoi?Yasumura Shimpei?Yasui Luc?Davenne Motoi?Uesugi 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(6):484-492
Pseudodynamic (PSD) tests were conducted on plywood-sheathed conventional Japanese three-dimensional (3D) wooden structures.
Lateral load was applied to the edge beam of specimen structures to generate eccentricity loading. Specimens were based on
a combination of shear walls with openings in the loading direction and horizontal diaphragms with different shear stiffness.
The principle deformation of the horizontal diaphragm was torsion for rigid diaphragms and shear deformation for flexible
diaphragms. Lumped-mass time-history earthquake response analysis was conducted on the tested structures, and additional calculations
were conducted on structures with different eccentricity rates. Dynamic analyses were conducted by varying the masses and
the resistance of the walls in the loading direction. The simulated peak displacement response in the loading plane agreed
comparatively well with the PSD test results. The maximum displacement response on changing the wall resistant ratio showed
almost the same tendency as that obtained by changing the mass ratio up to an eccentricity rate of 0.3; however, the maximum
displacement response increased markedly beyond an eccentricity rate of 0.4. It was proved that the lumped-mass 3D model proposed
in this study was appropriate for conducting a parameter study on the 3D dynamic behavior of timber structures. 相似文献