苏丹GNPOC原油管道减阻剂工业试验及应用

介绍了在苏丹GNPOC原油长输管道超长管段上采用EP W2 0 3减阻剂进行工业试验及其应用情况。先后在 1号站和 3号站间进行 1号站单点注入减阻试验与增输试验 ,在 1号站和 2号站进行两点注入增输试验。其后开始例行两点注入工业应用。分析了减阻剂工业应用中存在的问题 ,由于原油来源发生变化 ,原油粘度升高 ,同时受到雨季环境条件的影响 ,导致该管道 2号、3号站间原油雷诺数大大降低 ,因此降低了减阻剂的作用效果     

Spirulina inclusion levels in a broiler ration: evaluation of growth performance,gut integrity,and immunity

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Spirulina has been used as a food source from many years for human and animals because of its superior profile of nutrition. Spirulina (SPA) having antiviral...     

Mechanical properties of composites made from locally manufactured carbon fabrics and the composites produced from air-textured glass yarns

Composite materials have a wide range of applications in structural components because of their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. However, the most crucial and common life-restricting crack growth mode in laminated composites i.e. delamination is of great concern. Air jet texturing was selected to provide a small amount of bulk to the glass yarn. The purpose was to provide more surface contact between the fibres and resin and also to increase the adhesion between the neighbouring layers. These were expected to enhance the resistance to delamination in the woven glass composites. The development and characterisation of core-and-effect textured glass yarns was presented in the previous paper. This paper describes the comparison of the mechanical properties of composites produced from air-textured glass yarns and the composites made from locally manufactured carbon fabrics. The tensile, flexure and inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) were compared and it was observed that although glass fibres are inferior to carbon fibres in terms of mechanical properties however, the flexure strength and ILSS of glass based composites increases after texturing and were found closer to the properties of carbon based composites.     

Characterisation of phenolic resin and nanoclay admixture and its effect on impreg wood

Wood Science and Technology - Bulking treatment with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (LmwPF) resin has been found to successfully enhance the properties of low-density wood but emit higher...     

Organo-silane compounds in medium density fiberboard:physical and mechanical properties

We studied the effects of nanoparticles of organo-silane(NOS) compounds in the size range of20–80 nm on physical and mechanical properties in medium density fiberboard,and used NOS at four consumption levels of 0,50,100,and 150 g kg-1dry wood fibers.Density of all treatments was kept constant at 0.67 g cm-3.The water-repellent property of organo-silane significantly reduced water absorption(WA) and thickness swelling but mechanical properties declined due to the reduced proportion of wood-fiber as organo-silane was added to the matrix:the compression ratio of MDF panels and the integrity among wood-fibers both declined,resulting in reduced mechanical properties.We recommend use of 50 g of NOS/kg wood-fiber to improve WA and thickness swelling while retaining acceptable mechanical properties.     

稻壳和麦麸对鲜玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响

为更好地利用稻壳和麦麸,本试验将2者与新鲜玉米（Zea mays L.）秸秆按不同比例混合青贮,发酵60天后测定其青贮品质和营养成分,以期筛选出混贮的最佳比例。结果表明,与鲜玉米秸秆单独青贮（对照）相比,麦麸和鲜玉米秸秆混合青贮的干物质、可溶性碳水化合物和粗蛋白含量均显著提高（P<0.05）,但丁酸含量超过1%,发酵品质较差;与对照相比,稻壳与鲜玉米秸秆混合青贮的粗蛋白、可溶性碳水化合物含量和氨态氮/总氮的值均显著下降（P<0.05）;稻壳、麦麸与鲜玉米秸秆混合青贮的发酵品质与对照相当,但干物质含量显著提高（P<0.05）,且M1F1（5%麦麸+10%稻壳+85%鲜玉米秸秆）处理的Kaiser法评分最高。因此,建议将麦麸、稻壳和鲜玉米秸秆按5∶10∶85的鲜重比混合青贮。     

Denitrification with and without maize plants (Zea mays L.) under irrigated field conditions

The study was conducted under irrigated field conditions to examine the effect of maize plants on denitrification. Both planted and unplanted field plots received 150kgNha^–1 as urea. In a third treatment, which was also planted and received urea at 150kgNha^–1, the soil nitrate N content was brought up to equal to that in the unplanted plots by applying additional doses of N as calcium nitrate. Soil cores were collected 24 and 72h after irrigation and the denitrification rate was measured by the acetylene inhibition method. Nitrate-N content, aerobically mineralizable C, microbial biomass carrying capacity and denitrification potential were also studied on field-moist soil. Maize plants grown under field conditions always had the potential to increase denitrification in conditions of both high and low water-filled porosity. When nitrate-N content of the planted soil decreased due to plant uptake, denitrification was reduced in the planted soils. However, when nitrate-N uptake by plants was compensated through additional doses of nitrate fertilizer, denitrification was always higher in planted than unplanted soil. The stimulatory effect of plants on denitrification was observed at both high and low soil nitrate-N concentrations, though it was more pronounced at high nitrate-N levels. The effect of plants on denitrification and related parameters was confined to the root zone. Received: 15 April 1996     

Contribution of chickpea nitrogen fixation to increased wheat production and soil organic fertility in rain-fed cropping

Nitrogen balances, i.e. the difference between N ₂ fixation inputs and N in harvested products (outputs), and rotational benefits of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum) on soil organic fertility and wheat ( Triticum aestivum) yields were quantified for rain-fed systems in the northern Punjab, Pakistan. The experiments were conducted during 1995–2000 at three sites. The four treatments were continuous wheat (0 N), continuous wheat (+N), chickpea-wheat (0 N) and chickpea-wheat (+N). The +N fertiliser rate was 100 kg N ha ^-1 applied to the wheat. Grain yields of the wheat with 0 N varied in the range 1.0–3.0 t ha ^-1, compared with 2.0–3.2 t ha ^-1 for the N-fertilised wheat. Chickpea grain yields were in the range 0.6–2.0 t ha ^-1. Chickpea N ₂ fixation was assessed using the natural ¹⁵N abundance method. Percentage of chickpea N derived from N ₂ fixation (%Ndfa) estimates were 58% (Mandra), 65% (Taxila) and 86% (Islamabad). The overall mean %Ndfa was 78%. Crop N fixed by the chickpea varied between sites (87–186 kg N ha ^-1) and essentially reflected crop biomass. The overall mean N balance for chickpea (crop N fixed minus N removed in grain and above-ground residues) was +28 kg N ha ^-1. Wheat grain yields responded to chickpea (19–73% increase for the three sites), to fertiliser N (99–136% increase) and to the combination of chickpea and fertiliser N (106–145% increase). Chickpea in the rotation increased soil organic C by 30% and soil N by 38%, relative to the continuous wheat with 0 N. These experiments indicated that chickpea could have a positive N balance, even when shoot residues were removed, and confirmed the rotational benefits of chickpea for improving soil organic fertility and yield of a following wheat crop.     

Surge-ring Infiltrometer and its Application to Simulate Infiltration

Cumulative infiltration into thesoil profile during constant on-off cycletimes of surge irrigation was estimatedusing surge-ring infiltrometer data. TheKostiakov equation was employed to modelthe cumulative infiltration behaviour andits reduction into the soil duringdifferent surges. The two-point techniquewas applied to determine the unknownparameters of the Kostiakov equation. Itwas concluded that the surging phenomenasubstantially reduced water movement andthe reduction in cumulative infiltrationvaries from 60 to 83% during first surgeand 60 to 27% for the subsequent surges. Asurge infiltration model was also developedby introducing a `surge factor' into theKostiakov equation to generate infiltrationdata for subsequent surges, using the firstsurge / continuous infiltration data.Results of the study revealed that theinfiltration data of the surge-ringinfiltrometer and that generated by surgeinfiltration model matched closely.