玉米大斑病菌Helminthosporium turcicum致病毒素产生的条件及其特性

本试验对玉米大斑菌致病毒素(Ht—毒素)的产毒条件和毒素的一些特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,玉米大斑菌在25℃黑暗条件下用液体静止培养20d所得的毒素作用最强,在固体培养基质中,以粉碎的玉米碎粒最有利于Ht—毒素的产生(每百克玉米粒可获得Ht—粗毒素1.65g),其次是高粱粒和大米粒。Ht—毒素对热稳定,经煮沸和加热浓缩不会降低其生物活性而且活性还有升高的趋势,但是这种毒素对光却极不稳定,尤其是日光照射后,活性丧失很快。在pH3.0—4.5的偏致性条件下,Ht—毒素可保持活性达20d 以上,而以后随pH 值的升高,活性迅速丧失。     

碧流河水库鱼类寄生虫调查

本文报导了1984—1986年碧流河水库鱼类寄生虫调查.共检查、解剖鱼类49种,计846尾。查见寄生虫13个类群.计51种.对寄生虫在鱼体上的寄生部位、感染率、感染强度作了记录.根据调查和鱼种放养情况.提出了鱼病预防建议.     

藤本月季花瓣形态结构和色素含量相关性分析

[目的]探讨月季花色与花瓣结构及色素含量的相关性及变化规律.[方法]以藤本月季'安吉拉'为试验材料,将花瓣发育过程分为6个时期,英国皇家园艺协会比色卡测定不同时期花瓣颜色,分光测色仪测量其花色度,徒手切片法、石蜡切片法及扫描电镜法研究花瓣发育过程中形态结构的变化,结合花色苷、类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量的测定,研究月季花色与花瓣结构及色素含量的相关性及变化规律.[结果]藤本月季'安吉拉'花瓣不同发育时期花瓣结构及色素含量不同,小蕾期花瓣呈黄绿色,类黄酮、叶绿素和类胡萝 卜素含量最高,上表皮细胞和下表皮细胞排列紧密,.无明显色素分布,上表皮细胞向外成圆形凸起,下表皮细胞无突起;初开期花瓣深粉色,花色苷含量最高,上表皮、下表皮有较深的色素积累,上表皮细胞向外凸起伸长呈乳突状,下表皮向外形成网状突起,并布满褶皱;凋花期花瓣淡粉色,类黄酮、类胡萝 卜素和叶绿素含量最低,花瓣厚度变薄,上表皮、下表皮色素分布均不明显,上表皮细胞萎蔫、细胞体积变小,下表皮的网状突起的高度降低、褶皱减少甚至消失.花瓣黄绿程度与类黄酮、类胡萝 卜素和叶绿素类含量呈显著正相关,花瓣红色程度与表皮细胞数目和花色苷含量呈显著正相关.[结论]藤本月季'安吉拉'花瓣发育过程中花瓣上表皮细胞和下表皮细胞形态、数目变化,色素种类,色素含量和色素分布均与花色变化相关.     

小麦品种品质性状与农艺性状的相关性分析

本文对 5 0 8份各种类型小麦的 6个品质性状和 5个主要农艺性状进行了相关分析。结果表明,抽穗期与千粒重及蛋白质、干面筋、湿面筋含量均呈极显著负相关。株高与干、湿面筋含量呈极显著正相关。千粒重与沉淀值呈极显著负相关,与干、湿面筋含量呈极显著正相关。角质率与出粉率呈极显著正相关。子粒蛋白质含量与出粉率呈极显著负相关,与沉淀值、干湿面筋含量均呈极显著正相关。出粉率与干、湿面筋含量呈显著负相关。干面筋与湿面筋呈极显著正相关。随子粒饱满度增加,出粉率与干面筋呈规律性增加,而蛋白质与沉淀值则无规律性变化     

洛阳市饲料青贮质量的调查报告

饲料青贮质量的高低直接影响奶牛的产奶量及奶品质量。笔者1999年元月对洛阳市ll家奶牛场饲料青贮质量进行了调查,结果表明：各奶牛场青贮饲料的品质大致可分为优、良、差三个等级;霉变损失比例低的仅为3．6％,高的达95％,按全市青贮总量计平均霉变率为18．4％。分析提出了洛阳市饲料青贮存在的问题及对策。     

沈阳市3种行道树冠层孔隙度研究

为了深入研究树木的冠层特性,从冠层孔隙度方面入手,利用半球摄影法获取沈阳市常用行道树银杏、国槐、银中杨的冠层孔隙度图像,通过Gap Light AnalyzerV2.0计算出冠层孔隙度,并同步测绘树木的胸径、树高、冠幅;对3种乔木的孔隙度和生长参数分别进行单因素方差分析、回归分析。结果表明:1）3种乔木的孔隙度具有显著差异,Q_银中杨＜Q_国槐＜Q_银杏（Q为冠层孔隙度）;2）冠幅和胸径分别与冠层孔隙度呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,高度与冠层孔隙度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,相关系数表明孔隙度受冠幅的影响大于受胸径的影响;3）对与冠层孔隙度相关系数较高的冠幅和胸径构建多元线性回归模型,分别为Q_国槐=44.808-2.218×W_国槐-50.545×D_国槐;Q_银杏= 45.637-2.613×W_银杏-43.156×D_银杏;Q_银中杨=33.084-3.834×W_银中杨+41.105×D_银中杨。本研究提供了冠层孔隙度与生长参数的关系,可为林下光环境、反演叶面积指数以及树木数字模拟提供有效参数和数据基础。     

红莲型CMS水稻线粒体K+ATP通道特性的初步研究

以水稻红莲型细胞质雄性不育(HL-CMS)不育系粤泰A(YTA)和保持系粤泰B(YTB)黄化苗线粒体为材料,研究了YTA和YTB离体线粒体KA TP通道对其诱导调节剂KCl、ATP、ADP和GTP等的响应特性。结果表明,KA TP通道诱导剂KCl,能明显诱导YTA和YTB线粒体膨胀,但YTA的膨胀程度较YTB的明显;KA TP通道的内源性抑制剂ATP对YTA和YTB线粒体膨胀起显著抑制作用;KA TP通道的内源性激动剂ADP和GTP引起的不育系YTA离体线粒体短暂收缩及之后的再膨胀程度均较YTB的明显;此外,比较YTA和YTB离体线粒体在Rh123一起孵育10 min后,KCl和解偶联剂FCCP处理引起的离体线粒体膜电位(Δψm)下降过程,发现前者的线粒体Δψm较后者的易于过早崩解。对水稻HL-CMS不育系YTA和可育的保持系YTB线粒体KA TP通道特性的比较研究表明,水稻HL-CMS不育系YTA线粒体KA TP通道对其诱导调节剂KCl、ATP、ADP和GTP等的响应较YTB的更敏感。     

人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S),Rg5/Rk1对乙醇致小鼠记忆阻碍改善作用的影响

采用被动回避穿越法研究了人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S)和Rg5/Rk1(1∶1)对乙醇致小鼠记忆阻碍改善作用的影响。结果表明:灌服人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S)和Rg5/Rk110 mg/kg后,显著延长了小鼠避暗的潜伏期,尤其以人参皂苷Rg5/Rk1作用最为显著,Rg5/Rk1处理组的潜伏期是对照组的2.97倍,Rg3(R),Rg3(S)分别为对照组的2.35和2.53倍,差异极显著(P<0.01)。说明这些化合物具有改善乙醇致小鼠的记忆障碍的能力。     

Determination of comprehensive quality index for tomato and its response to different irrigation treatments

In order to investigate better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato under limit water supply, two experiments of different irrigation treatments were conducted in the arid region of northwest China during spring to summer in 2008 (2008 season) and winter in 2008 to summer in 2009 (2008-2009 season). After measuring single quality attributes, the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) were used to determine the weight of single quality attributes and comprehensive quality index, respectively. The results show that the rank of comprehensive quality index had good fitness to that of single quality attributes, indicating that the comprehensive quality index was reliable. Compared to full irrigation, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the seedling stage had slight improvement of comprehensive quality and limit water saving. Applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the fruit maturation and harvesting stage decreased the yield by 23.0-40.9%, but had the best comprehensive quality. However, applying 1/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly reduced crop water consumption and had obvious improvement of comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly and water use efficiency in the 2008 season. And applying 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly decreased crop water consumption and slightly improved the comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly in the 2008-2009 season. Considering the water saving amount, yield and comprehensive quality, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage and no water stress in other growth stages appears to be a better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato, which can be recommended for the spring to summer and winter to summer seasons in the arid region of northwest China.     

圆柱水射流中的能量分布与统计特征

在13,15,17 MPa压力下,采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）对自由圆柱水射流的轴向速度、轴向脉动速度和液滴粒径进行测量,对通过射流场中不同位置测量体的单个液滴特征进行统计分析,以获得单个液滴的轴向速度和对应的液滴数的相关特征,进而分析射流束中的能量分布.研究结果表明：在相同压力条件下,不同轴向截面上的轴向速度分布呈现一定的相似性,截面边缘处的轴向速度梯度较大;截面边缘处的轴向脉动速度较大,且随射流压力增加,轴向脉动速度增大.对位于中间点的测量体,具有较高速度的液滴占据绝大多数;对边缘处的测量体,液滴速度谱较宽.在不同轴向截面上,随射流压力的变化,对应位置的统计关系变化规律不同.在设定的第1采样时段内,在各中心点处测量体内采集到的有效液滴数相差不大.但穿越边缘点测量体的有效液滴数随射流压力和截面位置的变化极不规则.