CK1 inhibitor affects in vitro maturation and developmental competence of bovine oocytes

The objectives of present study were to evaluate the effect of casein kinase 1 (CK1) inhibition D4476 on in vitro maturation (IVM) and developmental competence of bovine oocytes. The cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in maturation medium with D4476 (0, 2, 5, 10, 20 μM) for 24 hr. After IVM and in vitro fertilization, through expansion average scores of cumulus cells (CCs), oocyte maturation efficiency, cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of zygote, we found 5 μM D4476 could increase the development potential of oocytes. After the COCs were treated with 5 μM D4476, the results of quantitative real‐time PCR analysis, Lichen red staining and PI staining showed that under without affecting germinal vesicle breakdown and nuclear morphology, D4476 could significantly decrease CK1 and upregulate TCF‐4 in oocytes. Furthermore, without influencing the level of Bad and CTSB, D4476 could significantly increase the expression of β‐catenin, TCF‐4, Cx43, MAPK, PTGS‐2, PTX‐3, TGS‐6, Bax and Bcl‐2 in CCs. Western blot analysis revealed that the addition of 5 μM D4476 during the maturation of COCs resulted in a lower level of Cx43 protein at 12 hr and a higher expression of Cx43 protein at 24 hr compared to the group without D4476. These results indicate that adding optimum D4476 (5 μM) to maturation medium is beneficial to maturity efficiency and development competence of bovine oocytes.     

非亲和性稻瘟病菌对水稻的诱导抗性

为研究稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae不同菌株间的相互作用,选择与单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M （携带抗性基因Pi5）表现为亲和性的菌株HN52与非亲和性的菌株HN119为研究对象,将其单独或混合接种到单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M中,并通过荧光显微镜观察接种后水稻叶鞘的发病情况及病斑面积,测定接种后水稻内相关抗性基因OsWRKY45、OsNPR1、OsPR10、OsMAPK2的表达量以及活性氧的变化。结果显示,相较于单独接种亲和性菌株,混合接种后单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M病斑发病面积减少;混合接种中亲和性菌株HN52菌丝侵染能力降低,侵染菌丝细胞间扩展率显著降低73.13%;同时单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M中OsWRKY45、OsNPR1、OsPR10和OsMAPK2抗性基因表达量显著增加,水稻叶片中活性氧含量增加,表明在菌株混合侵染过程中,非亲和性菌株可通过激发水稻的抗性反应来降低亲和性菌株对水稻的侵染程度。     

10.2%阿维·三唑磷微乳剂防治瓜亮蓟马药效初探

瓜亮蓟马（Thrips flavus Schrank）属缨翅目,蓟马科。别名菜田黄蓟马、棉蓟马、忍冬蓟马,是瓜类、茄果类和豆类蔬菜上的主要害虫之一,分布河南、江苏、安徽、湖北、四川、台湾及长江以南各省。它以成、若虫刺吸植株幼嫩叶片、果实汁液,严重影响蔬菜产量和品质。     

广东果蔗宿根矮化病菌检测

为探明广东果蔗宿根矮化病发生情况,为果蔗健康种苗生产及推广应用提供科学依据,本研究采用常规PCR与巢式PCR技术分别对广东韶关和广州南沙果蔗产区的主栽品种‘黑皮果蔗’(‘Badila’)及华南农业大学甘蔗育种基地新引进的果蔗品种‘内江蜜蔗’、‘甜城21号’、‘甜城22号’和‘甜城99号’等进行宿根矮化病菌的检测。结果表明,巢式PCR检测的阳性检出率达88.6%,明显高于常规PCR检测(40.4%);广东韶关果蔗产区‘黑皮果蔗’宿根矮化病阳性率为86.8%;广州南沙果蔗产区‘黑皮果蔗’宿根矮化病阳性率为92.7%;华南农业大学甘蔗育种基地新引进的果蔗品种除‘甜城22号’外,其他3个品种‘内江蜜蔗’、‘甜城21号’和‘甜城99号’均感染宿根矮化病菌。甘蔗宿根矮化病已在广东主要果蔗产区普遍发生,健康种苗研究与应用十分必要。     

Phylogenetic diversity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calonectria ilicicola</Emphasis> causing Cylindrocladium black rot of peanut and red crown rot of soybean in southern China

Calonectria ilicicola Boedijin & Reitsma (anamorph: Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield & Alfennas) is an important pathogen worldwide, which causes Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and red crown rot (RCR) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. We isolated the CBR and RCR pathogens from heavily diseased peanut and soybean fields in southern China and assessed their pathogenicity. Two inoculation methods were applied separately to evaluate the pathogenicity of different C. ilicicola strains on peanut cultivar Yueyou 13. Our results indicate that the Chinese C. ilicicola strains exhibited a range of virulence on peanut, with strains of soybean origin exhibiting a weak virulence relative to strains isolated from peanut. Multilocus sequence type analysis indicates that the C. ilicicola strains partitioned into two distinct clades, which were heavily structured based on geographical origin. Phylogenetic results demonstrated that the origins of C. ilicicola in southern China were multiple. This study also revealed that the backgrounds of CBR pathogens may be different from those of RCR pathogens.     

郴州烟区害虫天敌资源的初步调查

通过2005、2006年对郴州烟区烟草害虫天敌资源的初步调查,共采获烟草害虫天敌约70种,其中已鉴定到种的有46种,包括寄生性天敌7种,捕食性天敌39种;在害虫发生盛期,烟蚜茧蜂的田间最高寄生率达40.3%,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂寄生于烟青虫、棉铃虫的田间最高寄生率达75.0%,2006年黄花烟93-1上的烟青虫、棉铃虫被此蜂寄生的高达90.5%。     

快速检测单头柑橘木虱体内黄龙病病原

本研究通过采用简易的柑橘木虱制样方法,利用PCR检测技术在单头柑橘木虱体内检测到黄龙病病原,并利用XbaⅠ限制性内切酶将从柑橘木虱体内扩增的黄龙病病原16SrDNA酶切成520bp和640bp两个片段,证实了木虱体内黄龙病病原为亚洲种。本研究成功地建立了一套快速检测柑橘木虱体内黄龙病病原的方法,可为检疫工作者和相关研究人员提供重要参考。