Equatorial X-ray Emissions: Implications for Jupiter's High Exospheric Temperatures

Observations with the High Resolution Imager on the Rontgensatellit reveal x-ray emissions from Jupiter's equatorial latitudes. The observed emissions probably result from the precipitation of energetic (>300 kiloelectron volts per atomic mass unit) sulfur and oxygen ions out of Jupiter's inner radiation belt. Model calculations of the energy deposition by such heavy ion precipitation and of the resulting atmospheric heating rates indicate that this energy source can contribute to the high exospheric temperatures(>800 kelvin at 0.01 microbar) measured by the Galileo probe's Atmospheric Structure Instrument. Low-latitude energetic particle precipitation must therefore be considered, in addition to other proposed mechanisms such as gravity waves and soft electron precipitation, as an important source of heat for Jupiter's thermosphere.     

Metapopulation dynamics, abundance, and distribution in a microecosystem

The experimental fragmentation of landscapes of a natural ecosystem resulted in declines in the abundance and distribution of most species in the multispecies animal community inhabiting the landscapes and the extinction of many species. These declines caused the deterioration of the positive interspecific relation between local population abundance and distributional extent in this community. However, when patches were connected by habitat corridors, an immigration "rescue effect" arrested declines in both abundance and distribution and maintained the observed positive relation between them. These results demonstrate the importance of metapopulation dynamics and landscape connectivity for the persistence of populations in fragmented landscapes.     

Identification of toxigenic Pasteurella multocida in atrophic rhinitis of pigs by in vitro characterisation

Toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida were readily differentiated from non-toxigenic strains by an agarose overlay method using bovine turbinate cells or bovine lung cells. Cells which were young and densely confluent were best suited to this assay. The incubation period required to distinguish toxigenic strains was dependent on the confluence of the monolayers, which was affected by the seeding rate, cell passage level and growth time prior to overlay. The agarose overlay method correctly identified 11 of 11 reference strains of Pasteurella multocida, and visible cytotoxic changes were present in the monolayers after 48 to 65 h. Outbreaks of the enzootic form of atrophic rhinitis in 2 New South Wales piggeries were associated with the isolation of toxigenic type D strains of P. multocida.     

Uptake of drugs from topically applied anti-inflammatory preparations applied to racing animals

Objective To determine whether a drug detected in the blood or urine of a racing animal could have penetrated through the skin from a topically applied preparation.
Design Blood and urine of dogs and horses were analysed after topical administration of three common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory preparations.
Experimental method Dimethylsulphoxide was analysed using a gas chromatograph with a flame photometric detector. Phenylbutazone, its metabolites and lignocaine were analysed using a gas chromatograph with a mass selective detector.
Results Dimethylsulphoxide, phenylbutazone and ligno-caine were detected in dog urine after muliple applications of the preparations. The maximum concentration of dimethyl-sulphoxide in dog urine correlated with the concentration of dimethylsulphoxide in the preparation. Phenylbutazone penetrated the skin more effectively from the cream than from the solution or gel preparations. This penetration was independent of the concentration of dimethylsulphoxide.
Conclusion The superior penetration of phenylbutazone from the cream can be explained by it being present as a neutral molecule in an hydrophobic medium. It is proposed that phenylbutazone penetrates the skin of greyhounds most effectively by a hydrophobic lipid route which is likely to be different from the path by which dimethylsulphoxide penetrates the skin.     

Infestation in the dog by the paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus 2. Blood-gas and pH, haematological and biochemical findings

Arterial blood-gas and pH, haematological and biochemical estimations were carried out on 8 dogs infested with Ixodes holocyclus and 2 uninfested controls. The arterial blood-gas and pH measurements did not change significantly until the dogs were recumbent and unable to lift their heads. When affected dogs became moribund, moderate hypoxaemia with acute ventilatory failure was present. The significant haematological and biochemical abnormalities were difficult to interpret individually, but taken together could reflect sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal cortex or medulla.     

Interactive dressings used in the management of human soft tissue injuries and their potential in veterinary practice

Abstract Interactive dressings have been successfully used in human wound management to modify the microenvironment at the wound interface to improve the conditions for tissue repair. Only minimal investigation has as yet been carried out to determine the comparative performance of these products in veterinary practice. Some confusion exists with reference to the performance profiles and composition of the product groups. This review will attempt to clarify these differences and indicate their potential for use in veterinary practice. Resumen En la especie humana, se han utilizado favorablemente vendajes interactivos en el manejo de heridas, para la modificación del microambiente a nivel de la interfase de la herida, mejorando las condiciones para la reparación del tejido. Solamente se ha llevado a cabo hasta el momento una investigación mínima para determinar el efecto comparativo de estos productos en veterinaria. Existe una cierta confusión por lo que refiere a los perfiles de rendimiento y composición de los distintos productos. Esta revisión intenta clarificar estas diferencias e indicar su potencial uso en veterinaria. [Turner, T.D. Interactive dressings used in the management of human soft tissue injuries and their potential in veterinary practice (Vendajes interactivos utilizados en el manejo de heridas en tejidos blandos humanos y su potencial en veterinaria). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 235–242] Zusammenfassung Interaktives Verbandsmaterial wird in der Humanmedizin zur Wundversorgung erfolgreich angewendet, um die Mikroumwelt an der Wundoberfläche zu beeinflussen und so die Bedingungen zur Wundheilung zu verbessern. Bis jetzt wurden nur wenige Untersuchungen durchgeführt, die die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Produkte in der Veterinärmedizin vergleichen. Es bestehen Unklarheiten bezüglich der Leistungsprofile und Zusammensetzung der Produktgruppen. In dieser Übersicht wird der Verusch unternommen, die Unterschiede herauszuarbeiten und das Verwendungspotential dieser Produkte in der Veterinärmedizin darzustellen. [Turner, T.D. Interactive dressings used in the management of human soft tissue injuries and their potential in veterinary practice (In der Humanmedizin verwendetes interaktives Verbandsmaterial und dessen Potential in der Veterinärmedizin). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 235–242] Resumé Les pansements interactifs ont été utilises avec succès dans le traitement des plaies pour modifier le microenvironnement à l'interface des plaies afin d'améliorer les conditions de cicatrisation des tissus. Peu d'investigations ont été réalisées pour déterminer la performance comparative de ces produits en pratique vétérinaire. Des confusions existent concernant le profile de performance et la composition des groupes de produits. Cette revue essaye de clarifier ces différences et indique leur potentiel dans leur utilisation en pratique vétérinaire. [Turner, T.D. Interactive dressings used in the management of human soft tissue injuries and their potential in veterinary practice (Pansements interactifs utilisés dans le traitement des plaies des tissus mous chez l'humain et leur potentiel en pratique vétérinaire). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 235–242]